Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
PLoS One. 2023 Jan 17;18(1):e0280285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280285. eCollection 2023.
A challenge for the identification of the core components of a beliefs system is the topological examination of these components within the overall structure of the said system. By modeling beliefs as nodes of interconnected networks, this research investigated the centrality of adherence to populist ideology and classical ideological attitudes in relation to voting behavior and negative feelings toward immigrants. Data from a sample of 774 Italian adults were examined by means of three Network Analysis models. Results showed four constitutive dimensions of populist ideology: People Sovereignty, Anti-elitism, People Homogeneity, and Manichaeism. The dimensions of Anti-elitism, People Sovereignty and Homogeneity were found to be the core. Analyses also highlighted the centrality of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) within the broader beliefs system, including voting, populist ideology dimensions, and anti-immigration. RWA was positively related to the core of populist ideology, whilst SDO was negatively associated with or unrelated to it. However, both RWA and SDO exceeded populist dimensions when associated with populist right-wing voting, representing the unique intermediate links in connecting it with anti-immigration. Five Star Movement voting emerged as a purer form of populist support, relating directly only to populist dimensions and placing itself at a greater distance from ideological attitudes and anti-immigration.
识别信仰体系核心要素的一个挑战是对信仰体系整体结构内这些要素的拓扑检验。通过将信仰建模为相互关联的网络节点，本研究调查了民粹主义意识形态和经典意识形态态度对投票行为和对移民的负面情绪的坚持的中心地位。使用三个网络分析模型对来自 774 名意大利成年人的样本数据进行了检验。结果表明，民粹主义意识形态有四个构成维度：人民主权、反精英主义、人民同质性和善恶二元论。反精英主义、人民主权和同质性这三个维度被认为是核心维度。分析还突出了右翼威权主义（RWA）和社会支配倾向（SDO）在更广泛的信仰体系中的中心地位，包括投票、民粹主义意识形态维度和反移民。RWA 与民粹主义核心呈正相关，而 SDO 与之呈负相关或不相关。然而，RWA 和 SDO 在与民粹主义右翼投票相关时都超过了民粹主义维度，代表了将其与反移民联系起来的独特中间环节。五星运动投票是民粹主义支持的一种更纯粹的形式，仅与民粹主义维度直接相关，使其与意识形态态度和反移民保持更大的距离。
