Lange Cornelia, Manz Kristin, Rommel Alexander, Schienkiewitz Anja, Mensink Gert B M
Robert Koch Institute, Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
J Health Monit. 2016 Sep 28;1(1):2-20. doi: 10.17886/RKI-GBE-2016-029. eCollection 2016 Sep.
Harmful alcohol consumption is one of the five essential risk factors for disease, impairments and premature death around the world. It is considered to be a contributory cause for more than 200 diseases and is co-responsible for causing many intentional and unintentional injuries. In order to reduce harmful alcohol consumption, the health target "Reduce alcohol consumption" has been currently elaborated in Germany and focuses on a policy mix of behavioural and situational preventive measures to include as far as possible all relevant players for the development of overarching objectives. The data from the recurrent health surveys by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) allow an evaluation of trends of harmful alcohol consumption in the population aged 25 to 69 between 1990/1992, 1997/1999, and 2008/2011. Harmful alcohol consumption is defined as a daily consumption of pure alcohol of more than 10g for women and more than 20g for men. For the years 2008-2011 harmful alcohol consumption for the age group 18 to 79 years is calculated based on the "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults" (DEGS1) and examined in connection with socio-demographic and health-related factors. The results of DEGS1 show that 13.1% of women and 18.5% of men consume alcohol in harmful quantities. For men harmful alcohol consumption rises with the age; for women the lowest prevalence is found in those aged 30-39 years and the highest in the age group 50-59 years. Women with a high socio-economic status drink a harmful quantity of alcohol to a higher extent than women from medium or low status groups. For men there are no corresponding differences. Mainly smoking is associated with harmful alcohol consumption. Between 1990 and 1992 as well as between 2008 and 2011 harmful alcohol consumption has strongly declined, for women from 50.9% to 13.6%, for men from 52.6% to 18.3% (age group 25 to 69 years). Even if harmful alcohol consumption in the population has strongly declined, the per capita consumption of pure alcohol is above the average of the EU Member States in Germany. For that reason, preventive measures for specific target groups are required.
有害饮酒是全球疾病、损伤和过早死亡的五大主要危险因素之一。它被认为是200多种疾病的一个促成因素，并且对许多故意伤害和意外伤害都负有共同责任。为了减少有害饮酒，德国目前制定了“减少酒精消费”这一健康目标，重点是一系列行为和情境预防措施的政策组合，尽可能让所有相关参与者参与制定总体目标。罗伯特·科赫研究所（RKI）定期健康调查的数据，使得对1990/1992年、1997/1999年以及2008/2011年期间25至69岁人群中有害饮酒趋势进行评估成为可能。有害饮酒被定义为女性每日纯酒精摄入量超过10克，男性超过20克。对于2008 - 2011年期间，18至79岁年龄组的有害饮酒量是根据“德国成人健康访谈与检查调查”（DEGS1）计算得出的，并结合社会人口统计学和健康相关因素进行了研究。DEGS1的结果显示，13.1%的女性和18.5%的男性饮酒量有害。男性的有害饮酒量随年龄增长而增加；女性中，30 - 39岁年龄组的患病率最低，50 - 59岁年龄组最高。社会经济地位高的女性比中等或低地位群体的女性有害饮酒的比例更高。男性则没有相应差异。有害饮酒主要与吸烟有关。1990年至1992年以及2008年至2011年期间，有害饮酒量大幅下降，女性从50.9%降至13.6%，男性从52.6%降至18.3%（25至69岁年龄组）。即使德国总体人群中的有害饮酒量大幅下降，但纯酒精人均消费量仍高于欧盟成员国的平均水平。因此，需要针对特定目标群体采取预防措施。
