Pimenta José, Prada Justina, Cotovio Mário
Veterinary Sciencies Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jan 10;13(2):247. doi: 10.3390/ani13020247.
Adult grey horses have a high incidence of melanocytic tumors. This article narratively reviews the role of some genetic features related to melanoma formation in horses, such as STX17 mutation, ASIP or MITF alterations, and the link between the graying process and the development of these tumors. A clear system of clinical and pathological classification of melanocytic tumors in naevus, dermal melanoma, dermal melanomatosis and anaplastic malignant melanoma is provided. Clinical and laboratorial methods of diagnosing are listed, with fine needle aspiration and histopathology being the most relevant. Relevance is given to immunohistochemistry, describing potentially important diagnostic biomarkers such as RACK1 and PNL2. Different therapeutical options available for equine practitioners are mentioned, with surgery, chemotherapy and electroporation being the most common. This article also elucidatesnew fields of research, perspectives, and new therapeutic targets, such as CD47, PD-1 and COX-2 biomarkers.
成年灰色马匹黑色素细胞瘤的发病率很高。本文叙述性地综述了一些与马黑色素瘤形成相关的遗传特征的作用，如STX17突变、ASIP或MITF改变，以及毛色变灰过程与这些肿瘤发生之间的联系。文中提供了一个清晰的黑色素细胞瘤临床和病理分类系统，包括痣、皮肤黑色素瘤、皮肤黑色素沉着症和间变性恶性黑色素瘤。列出了诊断的临床和实验室方法，其中细针穿刺抽吸和组织病理学最为重要。文中还提到了免疫组织化学，描述了潜在的重要诊断生物标志物，如RACK1和PNL2。文中提及了可供马医使用的不同治疗选择，其中手术、化疗和电穿孔最为常见。本文还阐明了新的研究领域、前景以及新的治疗靶点，如CD47、PD-1和COX-2生物标志物。
