Almustafa Hibah I, Yehia Ramy S
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 1;11(1):117. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11010117.
Fungal endophytes are friendly microorganisms that colonize plants and are important in the interactions between plants and their environment. They generate valuable secondary metabolites that are valuable to both plants and humans. Endophytic fungi with bioactivities were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant . An efficient isolate was selected and identified as based on nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2) of the 18S rRNA gene (NCBI accession number OP529850); the 564 bp had 99 to 100% similarity with MH860161.1, AY682935.1, KP689121.1, and MG572407.1, according to the BLASTn analysis, following preliminary phytochemical and antifungal screening. The biological activities of this fungus' crude ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract were assessed. With an efficient radical scavenging activity against 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and an IC value of 36.6 µg mL, extract has shown its potential as an antioxidant. Moreover, it displayed notable cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma, IC = 22.4 µg mL), HeLa (cervical carcinoma, IC = 28.9 µg mL) and HepG-2 (liver carcinoma, IC = 28.9 µg mL). At 10 µg mL, EtOAc demonstrated significant DNA protection against hydroxyl radical-induced damage. Based on FT-IR and GC-MS spectral analysis, it was detected that the EtOAc of product contains multiple bioactive functional groups. Subsequently, this validated the features of major different potent compounds; tolycaine, 1H-pyrazol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, eugenol, 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Since these compounds are biologically relevant in various aspects, and distinct biological activities of fungal extract were acceptable in vitro, this suggests that endophytic fungus may be a viable source of bioactive natural products. This could be a good starting point for pharmaceutical applications.
真菌内生菌是定殖于植物体内的有益微生物，在植物与其环境的相互作用中起着重要作用。它们能产生对植物和人类都有价值的次生代谢产物。从药用植物的叶子中分离出具有生物活性的内生真菌。基于18S rRNA基因内部转录间隔区（ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2）的核苷酸测序（NCBI登录号OP529850），选择并鉴定出一种高效分离株；根据BLASTn分析，在初步的植物化学和抗真菌筛选后，该564 bp片段与MH860161.1、AY682935.1、KP689121.1和MG572407.1具有99%至100%的相似性。评估了该真菌粗乙酸乙酯（EtOAc）提取物的生物活性。该提取物对2,2'-二苯基-1-苦基肼具有高效的自由基清除活性，IC值为36.6 µg/mL，显示出其作为抗氧化剂的潜力。此外，它对MCF-7（乳腺癌，IC = 22.4 µg/mL）、HeLa（宫颈癌，IC = 28.9 µg/mL）和HepG-2（肝癌，IC = 28.9 µg/mL）表现出显著的细胞毒性作用。在10 µg/mL时，乙酸乙酯对羟基自由基诱导的损伤表现出显著的DNA保护作用。基于傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）光谱分析，检测到该产物的乙酸乙酯含有多个生物活性官能团。随后，验证了主要不同有效化合物的特征；托利卡因、1H-吡唑、1,3,5-三甲基-、丁香酚、2,5-环己二烯-1,4-二酮、2,6-双（1,1-二甲基）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯。由于这些化合物在各个方面都具有生物学相关性，并且真菌提取物在体外具有明显的生物活性是可接受的，这表明内生真菌可能是生物活性天然产物的一个可行来源。这可能是药物应用的一个良好起点。
