Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City P.O. Box 11829, Egypt.
Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Molecules. 2023 Jan 11;28(2):715. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020715.
Recently, functional foods have been a subject of great interest in dietetics owing not only to their nutritional value but rather their myriad of health benefits. Moreover, an increase in consumers' demands for such valuable foods warrants the development in not only production but rather tools of quality and nutrient assessment. Bee products, viz., pollen (BP) and bread, are normally harvested from the flowering plants with the aid of bees. BP is further subjected to a fermentation process in bee hives to produce the more valuable and bioavailable BB. Owing to their nutritional and medicinal properties, bee products are considered as an important food supplements rich in macro-, micro-, and phytonutrients. Bee products are rich in carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, and minerals in addition to a myriad of phytonutrients such as phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, volatiles, and carotenoids. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) of improved lipid profile such as linoleic, linolenic, and oleic were identified in BP and BB. This work aims to present a holistic overview of BP and BB in the context of their composition and analysis, and to highlight optimized extraction techniques to maximize their value and future applications in nutraceuticals.
近年来，功能性食品因其营养价值以及多种健康益处而成为营养学研究的热点。此外，消费者对这类有价值食品的需求不断增加，不仅要求提高其产量，还要求提高其质量和营养评估工具的水平。蜂产品，如花粉（BP）和蜂粮，通常是在蜜蜂的帮助下从开花植物中采集的。BP 进一步在蜂箱中进行发酵过程，以生产更有价值和更易吸收的 BB。由于其具有营养和药用特性，蜂产品被认为是一种重要的食品补充剂，富含宏量、微量和植物营养素。蜂产品富含碳水化合物、氨基酸、维生素、脂肪酸和矿物质，以及多种植物营养素，如酚类化合物、花青素、挥发物和类胡萝卜素。此外，BP 和 BB 中还含有改善脂质谱的不饱和脂肪酸（USFAs），如亚油酸、亚麻酸和油酸。本工作旨在全面概述 BP 和 BB 的组成和分析，并强调优化的提取技术，以最大限度地提高其价值，并在营养保健品中得到广泛应用。
