Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 21;13(1):1206. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26855-y.
This study devised a dual-species biofilm model to investigate bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simultaneously, and compared the efficacy of conventional and contemporary disinfection protocols. Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars were included. Fourteen teeth were negative control, and 56 teeth were infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis and E. coli GFP biofilm. Fourteen/56 teeth were positive control, with seven teeth processed for CLSM analysis and seven teeth sampled with paper points (PPs) and cryogenically ground for bacterial, LTA, and LPS analyses. Forty-two teeth were randomly divided into three groups: GWS (GentleWave system) + MIT (minimally invasive technique), PUI (passive ultrasonic irrigation) + CIT (conventional instrumentation technique), and XP-EF (XP-endo Finisher) + CIT (All, n = 14). Samples were collected before (s1) and after disinfection (s2) with PPs and after cryogenically ground (s3). CFUs were counted, and LTA and LPS were quantified with LTA-ELISA and LAL assay, respectively. XP-EF was as effective as PUI (p > 0.05). GWS + MIT was the most effective disinfection protocol against bacteria, LTA, and LPS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PUI, XP-EF, and GWS were highly effective against bacteria, LTA, and LPS, with GWS being the most effective.
本研究设计了一种双菌种生物膜模型，以同时研究细菌、脂磷壁酸（LTA）和脂多糖（LPS），并比较传统和现代消毒方案的效果。共纳入 70 颗单根下颌前磨牙。14 颗牙为阴性对照，56 颗牙感染 3 周龄粪肠球菌和 GFP 大肠杆菌生物膜。14/56 颗牙为阳性对照，其中 7 颗牙用于 CLSM 分析，7 颗牙用纸尖（PPs）取样并经冷冻研磨用于细菌、LTA 和 LPS 分析。42 颗牙随机分为三组：GWS（温和水动力系统）+MIT（微创技术）、PUI（被动超声冲洗）+CIT（常规器械技术）和 XP-EF（XP-endo 锉）+CIT（均 n=14）。使用 PPs 在消毒前（s1）、消毒后（s2）和经冷冻研磨后（s3）采集样本。用 CFU 计数法和 LTA-ELISA 及 LAL 测定法分别定量 LTA 和 LPS。XP-EF 与 PUI 效果相当（p＞0.05）。GWS+MIT 是针对细菌、LTA 和 LPS 最有效的消毒方案（p＜0.05）。综上所述，PUI、XP-EF 和 GWS 对细菌、LTA 和 LPS 的清除效果均较好，其中 GWS 效果最佳。
