Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Azad Islamic University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Jan 23;21(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-01017-9.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Moreover, it has been shown that miRNAs expression are changed in various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disease, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative Diseases. The suppression of miRNA function can be easily attained by utilizing of anti-miRNAs. In contrast, an enhancement in miRNA function can be achieved through the utilization of modified miRNA mimetics. The discovery of appropriate miRNA carriers in the body has become an interesting subject for investigators. Exosomes (EXOs) therapeutic efficiency and safety for transferring different cellular biological components to the recipient cell have attracted significant attention for their capability as miRNA carriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized to generate a wide range of EXOs (MSC-EXOs), showing that MSCs may be effective for EXO generation in a clinically appropriate measure as compared to other cell origins. MSC-EXOs have been widely investigated because of their immune attributes, tumor-homing attributes, and flexible characteristics. In this article, we summarized the features of miRNAs and MSC-EXOs, including production, purification, and miRNA loading methods of MSC-EXOs, and the modification of MSC-EXOs for targeted miRNA delivery in various diseases. Video abstract.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是一组小的非编码 RNA，通过靶向 mRNA 来调节基因表达。此外，已经表明 miRNAs 的表达在各种疾病中发生改变，如癌症、自身免疫性疾病、传染病和神经退行性疾病。利用抗 miRNAs 可以很容易地抑制 miRNA 的功能。相比之下，可以通过利用修饰的 miRNA 模拟物来增强 miRNA 的功能。在体内发现合适的 miRNA 载体已成为研究人员感兴趣的课题。外泌体（EXOs）在将不同的细胞生物成分传递给受体细胞方面具有治疗效率和安全性，因此作为 miRNA 载体引起了广泛关注。间充质干细胞（MSCs）被认为会产生广泛的 EXOs（MSC-EXOs），这表明与其他细胞来源相比，MSCs 可能更适合作为 EXO 的生成，以达到临床适当的程度。MSC-EXOs 因其免疫属性、肿瘤归巢属性和灵活特性而得到广泛研究。在本文中，我们总结了 miRNAs 和 MSC-EXOs 的特征，包括 MSC-EXOs 的产生、纯化和 miRNA 加载方法，以及 MSC-EXOs 用于各种疾病中靶向 miRNA 递释的修饰。视频摘要。
