Ratajczak Alicja Ewa, Festa Stefano, Aratari Annalisa, Papi Claudio, Dobrowolska Agnieszka, Krela-Kaźmierczak Iwona
Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 10;9:1088693. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1088693. eCollection 2022.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, progressive and relapsing inflammatory disorders of unknown etiology that may cause disability over time. Data from epidemiologic studies indicate that diet may play a role in the risk of developing and the course of IBD. It is known that the group of beneficial bacteria was reduced in the IBD and that the Mediterranean diet (MD)-which is defined as eating habits characterized by high consumption of plant foods, mainly cereals, vegetables, fruit as well as olive oil, and small portions of dairy products, sweets, sugar and meat products-affects gut microbiota, enriching beneficial bacteria, which support gut barrier function and reduce inflammation. Although several studies support different favorable effects of MD on IBD, adherence to MD by IBD patients is generally low, including patients from the Mediterranean Basin. Patients avoid many products which are elements of MD because there cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients should be encouraged to have a healthy and well-balanced diet according to individual tolerance of products. A good option seems to be good modified MD, changing hard-to-digest products to easy digest.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是病因不明的慢性、进行性和复发性炎症性疾病，随着时间的推移可能导致残疾。流行病学研究数据表明，饮食可能在IBD的发生风险和病程中起作用。已知IBD患者体内有益菌数量减少，而地中海饮食（MD）——其定义为以大量食用植物性食物（主要是谷物、蔬菜、水果以及橄榄油）以及少量乳制品、甜食、糖和肉类产品为特征的饮食习惯——会影响肠道微生物群，增加有益菌数量，这些有益菌有助于肠道屏障功能并减轻炎症。尽管多项研究支持MD对IBD有不同的有益作用，但IBD患者对MD的依从性普遍较低，包括地中海地区的患者。患者会避开许多属于MD的食物，因为它们会引起胃肠道症状。应鼓励患者根据对食物的个体耐受性选择健康且营养均衡的饮食。一个不错的选择似乎是改良后的MD，将难以消化的食物换成易消化的食物。
