Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 25;13(4):1067. doi: 10.3390/nu13041067.
Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.
饮食在炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病和病程中起着关键作用。患者渴望了解吃什么可以减轻症状和发作，但缺乏饮食指南。为了给患者提供建议，需要对食物（组）水平的现有证据进行概述。本综述研究了食物（组）对 IBD 发病和病程的影响，如果没有，则研究了健康受试者或动物和体外 IBD 模型中的影响。基于这一证据，设计了格罗宁根抗炎饮食（GrAID），并在食物（组）水平上与其他现有的 IBD 饮食进行了比较。尽管在一些食物上发现了相互矛盾的结果，但本综述为患者提供了很好的概述。基于这一证据，GrAID 包括瘦肉、鸡蛋、鱼、普通乳制品（如牛奶、酸奶、开菲尔和硬奶酪）、水果、蔬菜、豆类、小麦、咖啡、茶和蜂蜜。应限制食用红肉、其他乳制品和糖。应避免罐头和加工食品、酒精和含糖饮料。本综述重点关注食物的抗炎特性，为 IBD 患者提供了关于他们应该吃什么或避免吃什么以减少发作的最佳证据。这被用来设计 GrAID。
