中国农村和城市地区三岁以下儿童父母的育儿和育儿资源：农村与城市的差异。
Parenting and parenting resources among Chinese parents with children under three years of age: rural and urban differences.
机构信息
School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Department of Healthcare Insurance, Beijing Hospital, No. 1 Dongdandahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
出版信息
BMC Prim Care. 2023 Feb 1;24(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12875-023-01993-y.
BACKGROUND
Parenting is essential for children's development and preventing child abuse and neglect. Providing parenting services within the primary health care settings demonstrated effectiveness in improving parenting quality. However, little is known about the status of parenting and parenting resources in rural areas and whether they differ between rural and urban areas in Mainland China.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine the rural-urban differences in parenting and availability of, utilization of, and need for parenting resources among Chinese parents with children under three years of age.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
A total of 425 parents of children under three years of age participated in an online survey between March and May 2020.
METHODS
The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale and Child Adjustment and Parenting Efficacy Scale were used to assess parenting, family adjustment, and parenting efficacy. The availability of, utilization of, and need for parenting resources were measured using self-developed questions based on literature. Chi-square tests, t tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to examine the differences in responses between parents in rural and urban areas.
RESULTS
Compared with their urban counterparts, rural parents reported a higher level of negative parenting and more limited parenting resources. Both rural and urban parents reported low availability and utilization of parenting resources as well as a great need for parenting support services.
CONCLUSIONS
Rural parents faced more parenting challenges and limited parenting resources compared with urban parents. Both rural and urban parents with children under three years of age reported great needs for parenting resources. These findings highlight the potential of delivering accessible, sustainable, and cost-effective parenting programs via the primary health care system for public welfare in both urban and rural areas, with more attention paid to rural parents to help them improve their parenting.
背景
育儿对于儿童的发展以及预防儿童虐待和忽视至关重要。在初级医疗保健环境中提供育儿服务已被证明可有效提高育儿质量。然而，对于农村地区的育儿状况以及育儿资源的状况知之甚少，也不清楚中国大陆农村地区和城市地区之间是否存在差异。
目的
本研究旨在探讨中国农村地区和城市地区 3 岁以下儿童父母之间育儿状况以及育儿资源可得性、利用度和需求方面的差异。
参与者和设置
共有 425 名 3 岁以下儿童的父母参加了 2020 年 3 月至 5 月间的一项在线调查。
方法
使用育儿和家庭适应量表以及儿童适应和育儿效能感量表来评估育儿、家庭适应和育儿效能感。根据文献制定了自我评估问题，以评估育儿资源的可得性、利用度和需求。使用卡方检验、t 检验和 Wilcoxon 秩和检验来比较城乡父母的回答差异。
结果
与城市父母相比，农村父母报告的消极育儿方式更多，育儿资源更为有限。城乡父母均报告了育儿资源的可得性和利用率较低，以及对育儿支持服务的强烈需求。
结论
与城市父母相比，农村父母面临更多的育儿挑战和有限的育儿资源。城乡 3 岁以下儿童的父母均报告了对育儿资源的强烈需求。这些发现强调了通过初级医疗保健系统为城乡地区提供普及、可持续且具有成本效益的育儿项目的潜力，尤其是需要关注农村地区的父母，以帮助他们改善育儿方式。
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