Xiao Feiyan, Kabachkova Anastasiia V, Jiao Lu, Zhao Huan, Kapilevich Leonid V
Faculty of Physical Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jan 20;14:1006512. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1006512. eCollection 2023.
Cold water immersion (CWI) is very popular as a method reducing post-exercise muscle stiffness, eliminating fatigue, decreasing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and recovering sports performance. However, there are conflicting opinions as to whether CWI functions positively or negatively. The mechanisms of CWI are still not clear. In this systematic review, we used meta-analysis aims to examine the effect of CWI on fatigue recovery after high-intensity exercise and exercise performance. A total of 20 studies were retrieved and included from PubMed, PEDro and Elsevier databases in this review. Publication years of articles ranged from 2002 to 2022. In selected studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Crossover design (COD). Analyses of subjective indicators such as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and objective indicators such as countermovement jump (CMJ) and blood plasma markers including creatine kinase(CK), lactate/lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), C-reactive protein(CRP), and IL-6 were performed. Pooled data showed as follows: CWI resulted in a significant decline in subjective characteristics (delayed-onset muscle soreness and perceived exertion at 0 h); CWI reduced countermovement jump(CMJ) significantly at 0 h, creatine kinase(CK) was lowered at 24 h, and lactate at 24 and 48 h. There was no evidence that CWI affects C-reactive protein(CRP) and IL-6 during a 48-h recovery period. Subgroup analysis revealed that different CWI sites and water temperatures have no effect on post-exercise fatigue recovery. Recommended athletes immersed in cold water immediately after exercise, which can effectively reduce muscle soreness and accelerate fatigue recovery.
冷水浸泡（CWI）作为一种减轻运动后肌肉僵硬、消除疲劳、减少运动诱导的肌肉损伤（EIMD）以及恢复运动表现的方法非常受欢迎。然而，关于CWI是产生积极作用还是消极作用存在相互矛盾的观点。CWI的机制仍不明确。在本系统评价中，我们采用荟萃分析旨在研究CWI对高强度运动后疲劳恢复和运动表现的影响。本评价共从PubMed、PEDro和爱思唯尔数据库中检索并纳入了20项研究。文章发表年份从2002年至2022年。所选研究包括随机对照试验（RCT）和交叉设计（COD）。对主观指标如延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）和自觉用力程度（RPE）评分，以及客观指标如反向移动跳（CMJ）和血浆标志物包括肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸/乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6进行了分析。汇总数据如下：CWI导致主观特征（0小时时的延迟性肌肉酸痛和自觉用力程度）显著下降；CWI在0小时时显著降低反向移动跳（CMJ），在24小时时降低肌酸激酶（CK），在24小时和48小时时降低乳酸。没有证据表明CWI在48小时的恢复期内会影响C反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6。亚组分析显示，不同的CWI部位和水温对运动后疲劳恢复没有影响。建议运动员在运动后立即浸入冷水中，这可以有效减轻肌肉酸痛并加速疲劳恢复。
