Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
J Environ Public Health. 2023 Jan 28;2023:4801424. doi: 10.1155/2023/4801424. eCollection 2023.
Polio supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) are one of the polio eradication pillars in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) that increased the immunization coverage and made progress towards polio eradication. However, socioecological challenges faced during SIAs contribute to suboptimal campaign quality. The aim of this review is to identify the reported challenges during polio supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and associated improvement strategies based on the socioecological model (SEM).
Articles were searched from three databases which were WOS, Scopus, and PubMed. The systemic review identified the primary articles related to SIA that focused on the impact of immunization coverage, challenges, and improvement strategies. The inclusion criteria were open access English articles that were published between 2012 and 2021 and conducted in the Asia region.
There are nine articles described and explained regarding some form of supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in their findings across Asia region. The majority of studies selected reported on post vaccination coverage and revealed a multifaceted challenge faced during SIAs which are widely diverse range from the microlevel of interpersonal aspects up to the macrolevel of government policy. Upon further analysis, the intervention at community level was the most dominant strategies reported during the SIA program.
An effective SIAs program provides the opportunity to increase the national capacity of the polio immunization program, reducing inequities in service delivery and offering additional public health benefits in controlling polio outbreaks in both endemic and nonendemic countries. Strengthening routine immunization (RI) programmes is also important for the sustainability of SIA's programs. Despite the challenges and hurdles, many Asian countries exhibited great political willingness to boost polio immunization coverage through SIA efforts.
脊髓灰质炎补充免疫活动（SIA）是全球脊髓灰质炎根除倡议（GPEI）根除脊髓灰质炎的支柱之一，它提高了免疫覆盖率，为根除脊髓灰质炎工作取得了进展。然而，SIA 期间面临的社会生态挑战导致活动质量不尽人意。本综述的目的是根据社会生态学模型（SEM）确定脊髓灰质炎补充免疫活动（SIA）期间报告的挑战以及相关的改进策略。
从 WOS、Scopus 和 PubMed 三个数据库中搜索文章。系统综述确定了与 SIA 相关的主要文章，重点关注免疫覆盖、挑战和改进策略的影响。纳入标准是发表于 2012 年至 2021 年期间、以亚洲地区为研究地点的、内容为补充免疫活动的开放获取英文文章。
在亚洲地区，有 9 篇文章描述并解释了补充免疫活动（SIA）的某种形式，这些文章的发现都涉及到 SIA。大多数选定的研究报告了疫苗接种后的覆盖率，并揭示了 SIA 期间面临的多方面挑战，这些挑战广泛存在于从人际方面的微观层面到政府政策的宏观层面。进一步分析表明，社区层面的干预是 SIA 项目中报告最多的干预策略。
有效的 SIA 计划为增强国家脊髓灰质炎免疫计划的能力提供了机会，减少了服务提供方面的不平等，并在控制流行和非流行国家的脊髓灰质炎疫情方面提供了额外的公共卫生效益。加强常规免疫（RI）计划对于 SIA 计划的可持续性也很重要。尽管面临挑战和障碍，但许多亚洲国家表现出极大的政治意愿，通过 SIA 努力提高脊髓灰质炎免疫覆盖率。
