Haraguchi Masahiko, Neise Thomas, She Wenyuan, Taniguchi Makoto
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Japan.
Harvard University, United States.
Prog Disaster Sci. 2023 Jan;17:100276. doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2023.100276. Epub 2023 Feb 2.
This study proposes a novel typology of adaptation to hazards-a conversion strategy as a countermeasure to manage risks in interconnected supply chains. Conversion strategies are intended to transform one or multiple supply chain functions for a different one to manage the changing environment. Supply chain disruptions due to natural hazards have been researched in key manufacturing-based economies like Thailand, the US, Japan, and China. Limited studies, however, have looked at the nature of interconnected risks and its effective countermeasures that arise when the COVID-19 pandemic disrupt supply chains. Here, we examine systemic risks by contrasting supply chain disruptions caused by natural hazards and the pandemic. Our study investigates whether businesses can manage systemic risks brought on by the pandemic by learning from dealing with disruptions caused by natural hazards. We offer a typology of conversion strategies to demonstrate how conversion strategies can be a successful response to pandemic scenarios. Specifically, we propose six conversion types: production location, production line, storage, usage, distributional channel, and workforce skill set. Then, we conclude with the future research directions as well as the kinds of policy supports required to assist businesses in implementing conversion measures by drawing on prior work addressing natural hazards.
本研究提出了一种全新的适应灾害类型学——一种转换策略，作为应对相互关联供应链中风险的对策。转换策略旨在将一个或多个供应链功能转变为不同的功能，以应对不断变化的环境。在泰国、美国、日本和中国等以制造业为关键的经济体中，已经对自然灾害导致的供应链中断进行了研究。然而，针对新冠疫情扰乱供应链时出现的相互关联风险的性质及其有效对策的研究却很有限。在此，我们通过对比自然灾害和疫情导致的供应链中断来研究系统性风险。我们的研究调查企业是否能够通过借鉴应对自然灾害造成的中断的经验来管理疫情带来的系统性风险。我们提供了一种转换策略类型学，以展示转换策略如何能够成功应对疫情情况。具体而言，我们提出了六种转换类型：生产地点、生产线、存储、用途、分销渠道和劳动力技能集。然后，我们借鉴先前针对自然灾害的研究工作，得出未来的研究方向以及协助企业实施转换措施所需的政策支持类型。
