Pylkkänen Robert, Werner Daniel, Bishoyi Ajit, Weil Dominik, Scoppola Ernesto, Wagermaier Wolfgang, Safeer Adil, Bahri Salima, Baldus Marc, Paananen Arja, Penttilä Merja, Szilvay Géza R, Mohammadi Pezhman
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
Sci Adv. 2023 Feb 22;9(8):eade5417. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5417.
High strength, hardness, and fracture toughness are mechanical properties that are not commonly associated with the fleshy body of a fungus. Here, we show with detailed structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization that is an exception, and its architectural design is a source of inspiration for an emerging class of ultralightweight high-performance materials. Our findings reveal that . is a functionally graded material with three distinct layers that undergo multiscale hierarchical self-assembly. Mycelium is the primary component in all layers. However, in each layer, mycelium exhibits a very distinct microstructure with unique preferential orientation, aspect ratio, density, and branch length. We also show that an extracellular matrix acts as a reinforcing adhesive that differs in each layer in terms of quantity, polymeric content, and interconnectivity. These findings demonstrate how the synergistic interplay of the aforementioned features results in distinct mechanical properties for each layer.
高强度、硬度和断裂韧性是通常与真菌的肉质体无关的机械性能。在这里，我们通过详细的结构、化学和力学表征表明，[具体真菌名称]是个例外，其结构设计是一类新兴的超轻高性能材料的灵感来源。我们的研究结果表明，[具体真菌名称]是一种功能梯度材料，具有三个不同的层，这些层经历多尺度分级自组装。菌丝体是所有层的主要成分。然而，在每一层中，菌丝体都呈现出非常独特的微观结构，具有独特的优先取向、纵横比、密度和分支长度。我们还表明，细胞外基质作为一种增强粘合剂，在每层中的数量、聚合物含量和互连性方面都有所不同。这些发现证明了上述特征的协同相互作用如何导致每层具有不同的机械性能。
