Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Mar;29(3):551-560. doi: 10.3201/eid2903.221486.
We identified tuberculosis in 1,836 macaques from 6 wild rhesus (Macaca mulatta), 23 common long-tailed (M. fascicularis fascicularis), and 6 Burmese long-tailed (M. fascicularis aurea) macaque populations in Thailand. We captured, anesthetized, and collected throat, buccal, and rectal swab specimens from the macaques. We screened swabs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using insertion sequence 6110-specific nested PCR. We found higher MTBC prevalence at both population and individual levels among M. mulatta than M. fascicularis fascicularis macaques; all 3 M. fascicularis aurea macaque populations were positive for tuberculosis. We found that throat swab specimens provided the best sample medium for detecting MTBC. Our results showed no difference in MTBC prevalence between male and female animals, but a higher percentage of adults were infected than subadults and juveniles. Although we detected no association between frequency of human-macaque interaction and MTBC prevalence, bidirectional zoonotic transmission should be considered a possible public health concern.
我们在泰国的 6 个野生恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）、23 个普通长尾猕猴（M. fascicularis fascicularis）和 6 个缅甸长尾猕猴（M. fascicularis aurea）猕猴种群中发现了 1836 只感染结核分枝杆菌复合体（MTBC）的猕猴。我们对猕猴进行了捕获、麻醉，并采集了咽喉、口腔和直肠拭子样本。我们使用插入序列 6110 特异性嵌套 PCR 对拭子进行了 MTBC 筛查。我们发现，在恒河猴和长尾猕猴中，M. mulatta 的 MTBC 流行率在种群和个体水平上都高于 M. fascicularis fascicularis 猕猴；所有 3 个缅甸长尾猕猴种群均呈结核分枝杆菌阳性。我们发现，咽喉拭子标本是检测 MTBC 的最佳样本介质。我们的研究结果表明，MTBC 流行率在雌雄动物之间没有差异，但成年动物的感染率高于亚成年动物和幼体。尽管我们没有发现人类与猕猴之间互动频率与 MTBC 流行率之间的关联，但双向人畜共患病传播应被视为一个可能的公共卫生关注问题。
