Yu Xiaomin, Zhou Liang, Qi Tingxiang, Zhao Hui, Xie Huikai
Key Laboratory of Biological Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Feb 17;14(2):470. doi: 10.3390/mi14020470.
Over the last decade, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has been the technique of choice for in vivo noninvasive optical brain imaging for neuroscientific study or intra-vital microendoscopic imaging for clinical diagnosis or surgical guidance because of its intrinsic capability of optical sectioning for imaging deeply below the tissue surface with sub-cellular resolution. However, most of these research activities and clinical applications are constrained by the bulky size of traditional TMP systems. An attractive solution is to develop miniaturized TPMs, but this is challenged by the difficulty of the integration of dynamically scanning optical and mechanical components into a small space. Fortunately, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, together with other emerging micro-optics techniques, has offered promising opportunities in enabling miniaturized TPMs. In this paper, the latest advancements in both lateral scan and axial scan techniques and the progress of miniaturized TPM imaging will be reviewed in detail. Miniature TPM probes with lateral 2D scanning mechanisms, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and electrothermal actuation, are reviewed. Miniature TPM probes with axial scanning mechanisms, such as MEMS microlenses, remote-focus, liquid lenses, and deformable MEMS mirrors, are also reviewed.
在过去十年中，双光子显微镜（TPM）因其具有光学切片的内在能力，能够以亚细胞分辨率对组织表面以下深处进行成像，已成为神经科学研究中用于体内无创光学脑成像或临床诊断及手术引导的活体显微内镜成像的首选技术。然而，这些研究活动和临床应用大多受到传统TPM系统体积庞大的限制。一个有吸引力的解决方案是开发小型化的TPM，但这面临着将动态扫描光学和机械部件集成到小空间的困难挑战。幸运的是，微机电系统（MEMS）技术与其他新兴的微光学技术一起，为实现小型化TPM提供了有前景的机会。本文将详细综述横向扫描和轴向扫描技术的最新进展以及小型化TPM成像的进展。将对具有横向二维扫描机制的微型TPM探头进行综述，包括静电、电磁和电热驱动。还将对具有轴向扫描机制的微型TPM探头进行综述，如MEMS微透镜、远焦、液体透镜和可变形MEMS镜。
