Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Feb 13;15(4):938. doi: 10.3390/nu15040938.
Evidence on the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in adults with celiac disease (CD) and its impact on Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence is still limited. Our aim was to determine UPF consumption and its relationship with MD adherence in a group of adults, according to the presence of CD. This case-control study included 103 adults with CD and 312 without CD. UPF intake was assessed using the NOVA Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ), while MD adherence was assessed using the Medi-Lite score. UPF represented 14.5% of the diet of participants with CD (246 g/day) and came mainly from cereals-based products (29%) and sweets (24.2%). UPF consumption did not differ with the presence of CD, but participants with CD had significantly ( < 0.05) higher consumption of precooked pasta and pre-packaged breads. Participants with CD also reported a significantly lower MD adherence than participants without CD (9.4 vs. 10.4), with higher intake of meat and dairy products, and lower consumption of vegetables and fish. An inverse trend was found between UPF consumption and MD adherence in adults with CD, although not statistically significant. These findings highlight the importance of improving nutrition education for subjects with CD, which should not only focus on gluten exclusion.
关于乳糜泻（CD）患者食用超加工食品（UPF）及其对地中海饮食（MD）依从性的影响的证据仍然有限。我们的目的是根据 CD 的存在，确定一组成年人中 UPF 的消费及其与 MD 依从性的关系。这项病例对照研究纳入了 103 名 CD 患者和 312 名非 CD 患者。使用 NOVA 食物频率问卷（NFFQ）评估 UPF 的摄入量，使用 Medi-Lite 评分评估 MD 的依从性。CD 患者的 UPF 摄入量占饮食的 14.5%（246 克/天），主要来自谷物类产品（29%）和甜食（24.2%）。UPF 的摄入量与 CD 的存在无关，但 CD 患者的预煮面食和预包装面包摄入量明显更高（<0.05）。CD 患者的 MD 依从性也明显低于非 CD 患者（9.4 对 10.4），他们的肉和奶制品摄入量较高，蔬菜和鱼类摄入量较低。尽管没有统计学意义，但在 CD 患者中，UPF 的摄入量与 MD 的依从性呈负相关。这些发现强调了对 CD 患者进行营养教育的重要性，不应仅关注谷蛋白的排除。
