Guo Tianqi, Scimeca Jean-Claude, Ivanovski Sašo, Verron Elise, Gulati Karan
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jan 17;15(2):315. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020315.
Titanium is the ideal material for fabricating dental implants with favorable biocompatibility and biomechanics. However, the chemical corrosions arising from interaction with the surrounding tissues and fluids in oral cavity can challenge the integrity of Ti implants and leach Ti ions/nanoparticles, thereby causing cytotoxicity. Various nanoscale surface modifications have been performed to augment the chemical and electrochemical stability of Ti-based dental implants, and this review discusses and details these advances. For instance, depositing nanowires/nanoparticles via alkali-heat treatment and plasma spraying results in the fabrication of a nanostructured layer to reduce chemical corrosion. Further, refining the grain size to nanoscale could enhance Ti implants' mechanical and chemical stability by alleviating the internal strain and establishing a uniform TiO layer. More recently, electrochemical anodization (EA) has emerged as a promising method to fabricate controlled TiO nanostructures on Ti dental implants. These anodized implants enhance Ti implants' corrosion resistance and bioactivity. A particular focus of this review is to highlight critical advances in anodized Ti implants with nanotubes/nanopores for local drug delivery of potent therapeutics to augment osseo- and soft-tissue integration. This review aims to improve the understanding of novel nano-engineered Ti dental implant modifications, focusing on anodized nanostructures to fabricate the next generation of therapeutic and corrosion-resistant dental implants. The review explores the latest developments, clinical translation challenges, and future directions to assist in developing the next generation of dental implants that will survive long-term in the complex corrosive oral microenvironment.
钛是制造具有良好生物相容性和生物力学性能的牙科植入物的理想材料。然而，与口腔周围组织和液体相互作用产生的化学腐蚀会对钛植入物的完整性构成挑战，并使钛离子/纳米颗粒渗出，从而导致细胞毒性。人们已经进行了各种纳米级表面改性，以增强钛基牙科植入物的化学和电化学稳定性，本综述将讨论并详述这些进展。例如，通过碱热处理和等离子喷涂沉积纳米线/纳米颗粒可制造出纳米结构层，以减少化学腐蚀。此外，将晶粒尺寸细化至纳米级可通过减轻内部应变并形成均匀的TiO层来提高钛植入物的机械和化学稳定性。最近，电化学阳极氧化（EA）已成为一种在钛牙科植入物上制造可控TiO纳米结构的有前景的方法。这些阳极氧化植入物可提高钛植入物的耐腐蚀性和生物活性。本综述的一个特别重点是突出阳极氧化钛植入物在纳米管/纳米孔方面的关键进展，用于强效治疗药物的局部递送，以增强骨和软组织整合。本综述旨在增进对新型纳米工程钛牙科植入物改性的理解，重点关注阳极氧化纳米结构，以制造下一代治疗性和耐腐蚀牙科植入物。该综述探讨了最新进展、临床转化挑战以及未来方向，以协助开发能够在复杂的腐蚀性口腔微环境中长期存活的下一代牙科植入物。
