Sun Han, Zhang Yu, Wang Ge, Yang Wen, Xu Yingjie
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Feb 13;15(2):622. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020622.
Over the past two decades, significant technological innovations have led to messenger RNA (mRNA) becoming a promising option for developing prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, protein replacement therapies, and genome engineering. The success of the two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has sparked new enthusiasm for other medical applications, particularly in cancer treatment. In vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNAs are structurally designed to resemble naturally occurring mature mRNA. Delivery of IVT mRNA via delivery platforms such as lipid nanoparticles allows host cells to produce many copies of encoded proteins, which can serve as antigens to stimulate immune responses or as additional beneficial proteins for supplements. mRNA-based cancer therapeutics include mRNA cancer vaccines, mRNA encoding cytokines, chimeric antigen receptors, tumor suppressors, and other combination therapies. To better understand the current development and research status of mRNA therapies for cancer treatment, this review focused on the molecular design, delivery systems, and clinical indications of mRNA therapies in cancer.
在过去二十年中，重大的技术创新使信使核糖核酸（mRNA）成为开发预防性和治疗性疫苗、蛋白质替代疗法及基因组工程的一个有前景的选择。两款新冠mRNA疫苗的成功引发了对其他医学应用的新热情，尤其是在癌症治疗方面。体外转录（IVT）的mRNA在结构上被设计成类似于天然存在的成熟mRNA。通过脂质纳米颗粒等递送平台递送IVT mRNA可使宿主细胞产生许多拷贝的编码蛋白，这些蛋白可作为抗原刺激免疫反应，或作为补充用的其他有益蛋白。基于mRNA的癌症治疗方法包括mRNA癌症疫苗、编码细胞因子的mRNA、嵌合抗原受体、肿瘤抑制因子及其他联合疗法。为了更好地了解用于癌症治疗的mRNA疗法的当前发展和研究现状，本综述聚焦于癌症中mRNA疗法的分子设计、递送系统及临床适应症。
