Wang Xuexi, Luo Hongjie, Wang Dejuan, Zheng Yunzong, Zhu Wenbo, Zhang Weini, Chen Zhengbang, Chen Xinhua, Shao Jianchun
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Fuzhou Haima Feed Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350002, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2023 Jan 6;2023:3706709. doi: 10.1155/2023/3706709. eCollection 2023.
The present study investigated the growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, and microbiota communities of juvenile large yellow croaker () fed diets containing different proportions of soy protein concentrate (SPC) (0, 15%, 30%, and 45%, namely FM, SPC15, SPC30, and SPC45) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) for 8 weeks. The weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed SPC45 were significantly lower than those fed FM and SPC15 but not differ with these fed SPC30. The feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased sharply when the dietary SPC inclusion level was higher than 15%. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and expression of and aspartate aminotransferase () were significantly higher in fish fed SPC45 than those fed FM. The activity and mRNA expression of acid phosphatase were opposite. The villi height (VH) in distal intestine (DI) showed a significant quadratic response to increasing dietary SPC inclusion levels and was highest in SPC15. The VH in proximal intestine, middle intestine decreased significantly with increasing dietary SPC levels. The 16S rRNA sequences in intestine revealed that fish fed SPC15 had higher bacterial diversity and abundance of Phylum such as order and order than those fed other diets. Genus , family and order within phylum were enriched in fish fed FM and SPC30 diets. and that belongs to phylum and respectively, were enriched in fish fed SPC45 diet. Our results indicated that SPC replacing more than 30% FM could lead to lower quality diet, retard growth performance, ill health, disordered intestine structure, and microbiota communities. could be the bacteria indicator of intestinal in large yellow croaker fed low quality diet due to high SPC content. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of WG, the best growth performance could be observed when the replacement of FM with SPC was 9.75%.
本研究调查了用不同比例大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）（0、15%、30%和45%，即FM、SPC15、SPC30和SPC45）替代鱼粉（FM）的饲料喂养8周的大黄鱼幼鱼的生长性能、饲料利用率、肠道形态和微生物群落。喂食SPC45的鱼的增重（WG）和特定生长率（SGR）显著低于喂食FM和SPC15的鱼，但与喂食SPC30的鱼无差异。当饲料中SPC添加水平高于15%时，饲料效率（FE）和蛋白质效率比（PER）急剧下降。喂食SPC45的鱼的丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）活性以及 和天冬氨酸转氨酶（ ）的表达显著高于喂食FM的鱼。酸性磷酸酶的活性和mRNA表达则相反。远端肠道（DI）中的绒毛高度（VH）对饲料中SPC添加水平的增加呈显著二次响应，在SPC15组中最高。随着饲料中SPC水平的增加，近端肠道和中间肠道的VH显著降低。肠道中的16S rRNA序列显示，喂食SPC15的鱼比喂食其他饲料的鱼具有更高的细菌多样性以及诸如 目和 目等 门的丰度。 门内的 属、 科和 目在喂食FM和SPC30饲料的鱼中富集。分别属于 门和 门的 和 在喂食SPC45饲料的鱼中富集。我们的结果表明，SPC替代超过30%的FM会导致饲料质量下降、生长性能迟缓、健康状况不佳、肠道结构紊乱和微生物群落失调。由于SPC含量高， 可能是喂食低质量饲料的大黄鱼肠道的细菌指标。基于WG的二次回归分析，当用SPC替代FM的比例为9.75%时，可观察到最佳生长性能。
