Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Feb 17;14:1142494. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142494. eCollection 2023.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry various bioactive molecules including various RNAs that modulate the activities of recipient cells. It has drawn considerable attention as means of cell communication and drug delivery. Exosome plays important role in various tumors, but it is rarely summarized in pituitary adenoma (PA). PA is the second most common primary central nervous system tumor, and its recurrence and persistent postoperative hormone hypersecretion lead to compromised quality of life. How exactly exosomes impact tumor development and hormone secretion is important for the development of this tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discuss how exosomal RNAs impact PAs and their potential as future clinical therapies. In our literature review, first, we found that exosomal microRNA hsa-miR-1180-3p is a potential early biomarker for NFPAs. Since NFPAs are typically difficult to diagnose, this is an especially important finding. Second, exosomal protein transcripts are potential invasive biomarker, such as , , , , , and . Third, exosomal contents such as hsa-miR-21-5p promote distant bone formation of GHPA patients. Fourth, tumor suppressors in the exosome constitute novel therapeutic application of exosome, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19, miR-149-5p, miR-99a-3p, and miR-423-5p. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of exosome and their contents in PA and promotes the use of exosomes in both clinical diagnosis and treatment of this tumor.
外泌体是一种小型细胞外囊泡，携带各种生物活性分子，包括各种调节受体细胞活性的 RNA。它作为细胞通讯和药物传递的手段引起了相当大的关注。外泌体在各种肿瘤中发挥重要作用，但在垂体腺瘤（PA）中很少有总结。PA 是中枢神经系统第二常见的原发性肿瘤，其复发和持续术后激素分泌过多会降低生活质量。外泌体究竟如何影响肿瘤的发展和激素的分泌，对于开发这种肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了外泌体 RNA 如何影响 PA 及其作为未来临床治疗的潜力。在我们的文献综述中，首先，我们发现外泌体 microRNA hsa-miR-1180-3p 是 NFPAs 的潜在早期生物标志物。由于 NFPAs 通常难以诊断，因此这是一个特别重要的发现。其次，外泌体蛋白转录本是潜在的侵袭性生物标志物，如、、、、和。第三，外泌体内容物如 hsa-miR-21-5p 促进 GHPA 患者的远处骨骼形成。第四，外泌体中的肿瘤抑制因子构成了外泌体的新型治疗应用，包括长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）H19、miR-149-5p、miR-99a-3p 和 miR-423-5p。这篇综述讨论了外泌体及其在 PA 中的内容物的可能机制，并促进了外泌体在该肿瘤的临床诊断和治疗中的应用。
