School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 23;28(5):2108. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052108.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the preferred battery system for portable electronic devices and transportation equipment due to their high specific energy, good cycling performance, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effect. However, excessively low ambient temperatures will seriously affect the performance of LIBs, which are almost incapable of discharging at -40~-60 °C. There are many factors affecting the low-temperature performance of LIBs, and one of the most important is the electrode material. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop electrode materials or modify existing materials in order to obtain excellent low-temperature LIB performance. A carbon-based anode is one candidate for use in LIBs. In recent years, it has been found that the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in graphite anodes decreases more obviously at low temperatures, which is an important factor limiting its low-temperature performance. However, the structure of amorphous carbon materials is complex; they have good ionic diffusion properties, and their grain size, specific surface area, layer spacing, structural defects, surface functional groups, and doping elements may have a greater impact on their low-temperature performance. In this work, the low-temperature performance of LIBs was achieved by modifying the carbon-based material from the perspectives of electronic modulation and structural engineering.
锂离子电池（LIBs）因其高比能量、良好的循环性能、低自放电和无记忆效应而成为便携式电子设备和运输设备首选的电池系统。然而，过低的环境温度会严重影响 LIBs 的性能，其在-40~-60°C 下几乎无法放电。有许多因素会影响 LIBs 的低温性能，其中最重要的因素之一是电极材料。因此，迫切需要开发电极材料或对现有材料进行改性，以获得优异的低温 LIB 性能。碳基阳极是 LIBs 的一种候选材料。近年来发现，石墨阳极中锂离子的扩散系数在低温下下降更为明显，这是限制其低温性能的重要因素。然而，无定形碳材料的结构复杂；它们具有良好的离子扩散性能，其晶粒尺寸、比表面积、层间距、结构缺陷、表面官能团和掺杂元素可能对其低温性能有更大的影响。在这项工作中，通过从电子调制和结构工程的角度对碳基材料进行改性，实现了 LIBs 的低温性能。
