Dai Wei, Liu Huiyuan, Zhang Tingjing, Chang Qing, Zhao Yuhong, Guo Chuanji, Xia Yang
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China.
Front Nutr. 2023 Feb 22;10:1119118. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1119118. eCollection 2023.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Several epidemiological studies attempted to assess the association between dairy product and the likelihood of NAFLD, but the contribution of dairy consumption to NAFLD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD.
We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, we conducted a thorough search of the literature published before January 5, 2023. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD in relation to dairy product intake were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed according to the study design, region, sex, body mass index (BMI), type of exposure, NAFLD diagnostic criteria, and exposure assessment tools.
We initially identified 4,634 relevant studies, of which 25 complied with the inclusion criteria, including seven cross-sectional studies, six case-control studies and one cohort study. A total of 51,476 participants (14,546 patients with NAFLD) were included in the meta-analysis. There was an inverse association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that lower likelihood of NAFLD was associated with dairy product consumption in subgroups of Asian populations, women, patients diagnosed using NAFLD-related scores, patients with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m, dairy intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, milk consumption, and yogurt consumption. No noteworthy connection was observed in the other subgroups.
Our meta-analysis findings revealed that dairy product consumption is inversely associated with NAFLD. Consumption of dairy products could help prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是慢性肝病最常见的病因之一。多项流行病学研究试图评估乳制品与NAFLD发生可能性之间的关联，但乳制品消费对NAFLD的影响仍存在争议。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以研究乳制品消费与NAFLD之间的关联。
我们使用PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus数据库进行文献检索，全面检索了2023年1月5日前发表的文献。使用随机效应模型估计与乳制品摄入量相关的NAFLD的合并比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。根据研究设计、地区、性别、体重指数（BMI）、暴露类型、NAFLD诊断标准和暴露评估工具进行亚组分析和荟萃回归。
我们最初识别出4634项相关研究，其中25项符合纳入标准，包括7项横断面研究、6项病例对照研究和1项队列研究。荟萃分析共纳入51476名参与者（14546例NAFLD患者）。乳制品消费与NAFLD之间存在负相关（OR = 0.97，95%CI = 0.94 - 0.99）。亚组分析表明，在亚洲人群、女性、使用NAFLD相关评分诊断的患者、BMI为18.5 - 24.9 kg/m²的患者、使用食物频率问卷评估乳制品摄入量的亚组、牛奶消费亚组和酸奶消费亚组中，较低的NAFLD发生可能性与乳制品消费有关。在其他亚组中未观察到显著关联。
我们的荟萃分析结果显示，乳制品消费与NAFLD呈负相关。食用乳制品有助于预防非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发生。
