Heydari Gholamreza
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of TB and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2022 Dec 26;13:154. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_431_21. eCollection 2022.
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is one of the morbidity causes but it is ignored occasionally. Various studies have shown that hookah and cigarette smoke contain significant volume of heavy metals. This study was designed aiming biological monitoring of the level of heavy metals in the urine samples of workers in smoking cafés and its association with their lung function and respiratory symptoms in Tehran City.
The list of cafés in Tehran was provided, and they were divided into water pipe cafés (WPC), cigarette smoking cafés (CSC), and non-smoking cafés (NSC); and then, 10 cafés were randomly selected from each group. Sampling was performed after explaining the study and obtaining the consent of the manager and staff. A check list of demographic data and smoking history was completed and analyzed.
A total of 96 individuals were studied; there were 32 subjects in each group. All subjects were male. Six days a week, they worked about 10 h a day in café. The concentration of heavy metals in the groups of hookah and cigarettes was significantly higher and respiratory indices in these groups were significantly lower than non-smoking group.
Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the urinary level of heavy metals and reduces the respiratory capacity of people and this can be highly pathogenic in the future. Comprehensive informing on human rights should be provided in this regard and smoking bans in public places must be properly enforced.
接触二手烟草烟雾是发病原因之一，但偶尔会被忽视。各种研究表明，水烟和香烟烟雾中含有大量重金属。本研究旨在对德黑兰市吸烟咖啡馆工作人员尿液样本中的重金属水平进行生物监测，并研究其与肺功能及呼吸道症状的关系。
提供德黑兰咖啡馆名单，将其分为水烟咖啡馆（WPC）、吸烟咖啡馆（CSC）和非吸烟咖啡馆（NSC）；然后从每组中随机选取10家咖啡馆。在向经理和员工解释研究并获得同意后进行采样。完成并分析一份人口统计学数据和吸烟史清单。
共研究96人；每组32名受试者。所有受试者均为男性。他们每周6天，每天在咖啡馆工作约10小时。水烟和香烟组的重金属浓度显著更高，这些组的呼吸指标显著低于非吸烟组。
接触二手烟会增加人体尿液中的重金属水平，降低呼吸能力，这在未来可能具有高度致病性。应在这方面提供全面的人权信息，并妥善执行公共场所禁烟规定。
