Jefferson College of Nursing, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health (DASH Center), School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Am J Prev Med. 2023 Sep;65(3):505-511. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.008. Epub 2023 Mar 12.
Youth with incarcerated parents experience more adverse childhood experiences than other youth, placing them at higher risk for mental health and substance use disorders. Despite their increased risk, these youth may be less likely to access mental health services, particularly given their racial and ethnic makeup. Therefore, this study aimed to assess racial and ethnic disparities in access to mental health services for youth with incarcerated parents.
This secondary data analysis used longitudinal data from 2016 to 2019 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Logistic regression models assessed the relationships among incarceration, cumulative childhood experiences, DSM-5 diagnoses, and mental health services. Additional analyses stratified these models by race and ethnicity. All analyses were performed in 2022.
Youth with incarcerated parents were more likely to report 4 or more childhood experiences (51% vs 14%; AOR=3.92; 95% CI=3.3, 4.65; p<0.001) and to have received mental health services (25% vs 15%; AOR=1.89; 95% CI=1.6, 2.21; p<0.001) than unexposed youth. However, Black youth with incarcerated parents (19% vs 34%; AOR=0.38; 95% CI=0.27, 0.52; p<0.001) and Latinx youth with incarcerated parents (10% vs 17%; AOR=0.5; 95% CI=0.33, 0.76; p<0.001) were significantly less likely to report receiving mental health services than White youth with incarcerated parents and non-Latinx youth with incarcerated parents, respectively.
Youth with incarcerated parents were more likely to report utilization of mental health services, but significant racial and ethnic disparities exist between Black and Latinx youth with incarcerated parents compared with that among White and non-Latinx youth with incarcerated parents. There is a continued need to expand mental health services to youth with incarcerated parents and to address racial and ethnic disparities in access to care.
有父母入狱经历的青少年比其他青少年经历更多的不良童年经历，使他们面临更高的心理健康和药物使用障碍风险。尽管他们的风险增加，但这些青少年可能不太愿意获得心理健康服务，特别是考虑到他们的种族和民族构成。因此，本研究旨在评估有父母入狱经历的青少年获得心理健康服务方面的种族和民族差异。
本二次数据分析使用了 2016 年至 2019 年青少年大脑认知发展研究的纵向数据。逻辑回归模型评估了监禁、累积童年经历、DSM-5 诊断与心理健康服务之间的关系。还对这些模型进行了按种族和民族分层的分析。所有分析均于 2022 年进行。
有父母入狱的青少年更有可能报告有 4 次或更多的童年经历（51%比 14%；优势比=3.92；95%置信区间=3.3，4.65；p<0.001）和接受心理健康服务（25%比 15%；优势比=1.89；95%置信区间=1.6，2.21；p<0.001），而非未暴露于该环境的青少年。然而，有父母入狱的黑人青少年（19%比 34%；优势比=0.38；95%置信区间=0.27，0.52；p<0.001）和有父母入狱的拉丁裔青少年（10%比 17%；优势比=0.5；95%置信区间=0.33，0.76；p<0.001）报告接受心理健康服务的比例明显低于有父母入狱的白人青少年和有父母入狱的非拉丁裔青少年。
有父母入狱的青少年更有可能报告使用心理健康服务，但与有父母入狱的白人青少年和非拉丁裔青少年相比，有父母入狱的黑人青少年和拉丁裔青少年在获得服务方面存在显著的种族和民族差异。需要继续扩大对有父母入狱的青少年的心理健康服务，并解决获取护理方面的种族和民族差异。
