Trovato Bruno, Petrigna Luca, Sortino Martina, Roggio Federico, Musumeci Giuseppe
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123, Catania, Italy.
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, Palermo, 90144, Italy.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 28;9(3):e14136. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14136. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Molecular composition and structural adaptation are changes in the cartilage tissue after different stimuli. Sports activities with different loads at different angles, speeds, and intensities can modify the molecular composition of the articular cartilage, hence it is crucial to understand the molecular adaptations and structural modifications generated by sports practice and this review aims to synthesize the current evidence on this topic. A systematic search until July 2022 was performed on the database Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science with a collection of 62,198. After the screening process, the included articles were analyzed narratively. Thirty-one studies have been included in the analysis. From the results emerged that running, swimming, ballet and handball were not correlated with detrimental structural or molecular cartilage adaptation; instead, soccer, volleyball, basketball, weightlifting, climbing, and rowing showed signs of cartilage alteration and molecular adaptation that could be early predictive degeneration's signs. From the included studies it came to light that the regions more interested in morphological cartilage changes were the knee in athletes from different disciplines. In conclusion, different sports induce different cartilage modifications both at a molecular and structural level and it is important to know the risks correlated to sports to implement preventive strategies.
分子组成和结构适应性是不同刺激后软骨组织发生的变化。在不同角度、速度和强度下进行不同负荷的体育活动会改变关节软骨的分子组成，因此了解体育锻炼产生的分子适应性和结构改变至关重要，本综述旨在综合该主题的现有证据。截至2022年7月，我们在Medline、Pubmed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行了系统检索，共收集到62198篇文献。经过筛选过程，对纳入的文章进行了叙述性分析。分析纳入了31项研究。结果显示，跑步、游泳、芭蕾舞和手球与有害的软骨结构或分子适应性无关；相反，足球、排球、篮球、举重、攀岩和划船显示出软骨改变和分子适应性的迹象，这些可能是早期退变的预测迹象。从纳入的研究中可以看出，不同学科运动员中软骨形态变化最明显的部位是膝盖。总之，不同的运动在分子和结构水平上会引起不同的软骨改变，了解与运动相关的风险对于实施预防策略很重要。
