西班牙家庭医生在预防老年人道路伤害方面的态度、信念和现行做法：一项全国性的横断面研究。
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Current Practices Carried Out by Family Physicians in Spain Regarding the Prevention of Road Injuries in Older Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.
机构信息
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
出版信息
Clin Interv Aging. 2023 Mar 10;18:375-385. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S390903. eCollection 2023.
PURPOSE
The activities related to the prevention of crash injuries in older adults (PCIOA) performed by Family Physicians (FPs) have been scarcely studied. Our aim was to estimate the frequency of PCIOA activities performed by FPs in Spain and its association with attitudes and beliefs regarding this health problem.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a nationwide sample of 1888 FPs working in Primary Health Care Services, recruited from October 2016 to October 2018. Participants completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire. Study variables included three scores related to current practices (General Practices, General Advice and Health Advice), several scores related to attitudes (General, Drawbacks and Legal), demographic and workplace characteristics. To obtain the adjusted coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals, we applied mixed effects multi-level linear regression models and the likelihood-ratio test to compare multi-level and one-level models.
RESULTS
The frequency of PCIOA activities reported by FPs in Spain was low. The General Practices Score was 0.22/1, the General Advice Score was 1.82/4, the Health Advice Score was 2.61/4, and the General Attitudes Score was 3.08/4. The importance given to road crashes in the elderly obtained 7.16/10, the role that FPs should play in the PCIOA obtained 6.73/10, and the current perceived role obtained 3.95/10. The General Attitudes Score and the importance that FPs give themselves in the PCIOA were associated with the three Current Practices Scores.
CONCLUSION
The frequency of activities related to the PCIOA that FPs usually carry out in Spain is far below desirable standards. The average level of attitudes and beliefs about the PCIOA of the FPs working in Spain seems adequate. The variables of the most pronounced FPs associated with the prevention of traffic accidents in older drivers were age over 50 years, female sex and foreign nationality.
目的
家庭医生（FP）在预防老年人碰撞伤害（PCIOA）方面的活动很少被研究。我们的目的是评估西班牙 FP 执行 PCIOA 活动的频率及其与对该健康问题的态度和信念的关联。
方法
我们在 2016 年 10 月至 2018 年 10 月期间，从西班牙初级卫生保健服务的 1888 名 FP 中招募了一个全国性的样本，进行了一项横断面研究。参与者完成了一份经过验证的自我管理问卷。研究变量包括与当前实践相关的三个分数（一般实践、一般建议和健康建议）、与态度相关的几个分数（一般、缺点和法律）、人口统计学和工作场所特征。为了获得调整后的系数及其 95%置信区间，我们应用了混合效应多水平线性回归模型和似然比检验来比较多水平和单水平模型。
结果
西班牙 FP 报告的 PCIOA 活动频率较低。一般实践得分 0.22/1，一般建议得分 1.82/4，健康建议得分 2.61/4，一般态度得分 3.08/4。老年人道路碰撞的重要性得分为 7.16/10，FP 在 PCIOA 中应扮演的角色得分为 6.73/10，当前感知角色得分为 3.95/10。一般态度得分和 FP 对自身在 PCIOA 中的重视程度与三个当前实践得分相关。
结论
西班牙 FP 通常执行的与 PCIOA 相关的活动频率远低于理想标准。在西班牙工作的 FP 对 PCIOA 的态度和信念的平均水平似乎是合适的。与预防老年司机交通事故最相关的 FP 变量是年龄超过 50 岁、女性和外国国籍。
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