Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
Curr Aging Sci. 2024;17(1):31-48. doi: 10.2174/1874609816666230320122018.
Environmental factors like UV radiation and epigenetic changes are significant factors for skin cancer that trigger early aging. This review provides essential information on cancer development concerning aging, the receptors involved, and the therapeutic targets. Biopolymers like polysaccharide, polyphenols, proteins, and nucleic acid plays a vital role in the regulation of normal cell homeostasis. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore the role of biopolymers as antiaging formulations and the possibility of these formulations being used against cancer via topical administrations. As UV radiation is one of the predominant factors in causing skin cancer, the association of receptors between aging and cancer indicated that insulin receptor, melatonin receptor, toll-like receptor, SIRT 1 receptor, tumor-specific T cell receptor and mitochondria-based targeting could be used to direct therapeutics for suppression of cancer and prevent aging. Biopolymer-based nanoformulations have tremendously progressed by entrapment of drugs like curcumin and resveratrol which can prevent cancer and aging simultaneously. Certain protein signaling or calcium and ROS signaling pathways are different for cancer and aging. The involvement of mitochondrial DNA mutation along with telomere shortening with a change in cellular energetics leading to genomic instability in the aging process can also induce mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alterations leading to skin cancer. Therefore, the use of biopolymers as a topical supplement during the aging process can result in the prevention of cancer.
环境因素如紫外线辐射和表观遗传变化是导致皮肤癌的重要因素，可引发皮肤过早衰老。本综述提供了有关衰老相关癌症发展的重要信息，包括涉及的受体和治疗靶点。生物聚合物如多糖、多酚、蛋白质和核酸在调节正常细胞内稳态方面发挥着重要作用。因此，探索生物聚合物作为抗衰老制剂的作用以及这些制剂通过局部给药对抗癌症的可能性非常重要。由于紫外线辐射是导致皮肤癌的主要因素之一，衰老和癌症之间的受体关联表明，胰岛素受体、褪黑素受体、 toll 样受体、 SIRT1 受体、肿瘤特异性 T 细胞受体和基于线粒体的靶向受体可用于指导治疗以抑制癌症和预防衰老。通过包封药物（如姜黄素和白藜芦醇），基于生物聚合物的纳米制剂取得了巨大进展，可同时预防癌症和衰老。某些蛋白质信号或钙和 ROS 信号通路在癌症和衰老方面有所不同。衰老过程中，线粒体 DNA 突变以及端粒缩短导致细胞能量变化，从而导致基因组不稳定，也会引发线粒体功能障碍和表观遗传改变，导致皮肤癌。因此，在衰老过程中使用生物聚合物作为局部补充剂可以预防癌症。
