Khan Moien A B, BaHammam Ahmed S, Amanatullah Asma, Obaideen Khaled, Arora Teresa, Ali Habiba, Cheikh Ismail Leila, Abdelrahim Dana N, Al-Houqani Mohammed, Allaham Kholoud, Abdalrazeq Rand, Aloweiwi Wahid Sharif, Mim Somayea Sultana, Mektebi Ammar, Amiri Sohrab, Sulaiman Sahabi Kabir, Javaid Syed Fahad, Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain, Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Isma'il, Elbarazi Iffat, Manggabarani Saskiyanto, Hunde Gamechu Atomsa, Chelli Sabrina, Sotoudeh Mitra, Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Nutr. 2023 Mar 8;10:1040355. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1040355. eCollection 2023.
Of around 2 billion Muslims worldwide, approximately 1.5 billion observe Ramadan fasting (RF) month. Those that observe RF have diverse cultural, ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds and are distributed over a wide geographical area. Sleep is known to be significantly altered during the month of Ramadan, which has a profound impact on human health. Moreover, sleep is closely connected to dietary and lifestyle behaviors.
This cross-sectional study collected data using a structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire that was translated into 13 languages and disseminated to Muslim populations across 27 countries. The questionnaire assessed dietary and lifestyle factors as independent variables, and three sleep parameters (quality, duration, and disturbance) as dependent variables. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine how dietary and lifestyle factors affected these sleep parameters.
In total, 24,541 adults were enrolled in this study. SEM analysis revealed that during RF, optimum sleep duration (7-9 h) was significantly associated with sufficient physical activity (PA) and consuming plant-based proteins. In addition, smoking was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance and lower sleep quality. Participants that consumed vegetables, fruits, dates, and plant-based proteins reported better sleep quality. Infrequent consumption of delivered food and infrequent screen time were also associated with better sleep quality. Conflicting results were found regarding the impact of dining at home versus dining out on the three sleep parameters.
Increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and plant-based proteins are important factors that could help improve healthy sleep for those observing RF. In addition, regular PA and avoiding smoking may contribute to improving sleep during RF.
全球约20亿穆斯林中，约15亿人遵守斋月禁食（RF）。遵守斋月禁食的人具有不同的文化、种族、社会和经济背景，分布在广泛的地理区域。众所周知，斋月期间睡眠会发生显著变化，这对人类健康有深远影响。此外，睡眠与饮食和生活方式行为密切相关。
这项横断面研究使用结构化的自填式电子问卷收集数据，该问卷被翻译成13种语言，并分发给27个国家的穆斯林人群。问卷将饮食和生活方式因素作为自变量，将三个睡眠参数（质量、时长和干扰）作为因变量。我们进行了结构方程模型（SEM）分析，以研究饮食和生活方式因素如何影响这些睡眠参数。
本研究共纳入24541名成年人。结构方程模型分析显示，在斋月期间，最佳睡眠时间（7 - 9小时）与充足的体育活动（PA）和食用植物性蛋白质显著相关。此外，吸烟与更大的睡眠干扰和更低的睡眠质量显著相关。食用蔬菜、水果、枣和植物性蛋白质的参与者报告睡眠质量更好。不经常食用外卖食品和不经常看屏幕的时间也与更好的睡眠质量相关。关于在家用餐与外出就餐对三个睡眠参数的影响，结果存在冲突。
增加水果、蔬菜和植物性蛋白质的摄入量是有助于改善遵守斋月禁食者健康睡眠的重要因素。此外，定期进行体育活动和避免吸烟可能有助于改善斋月期间的睡眠。
