School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Biomater Sci. 2023 May 2;11(9):3051-3076. doi: 10.1039/d3bm00046j.
There is a general increase in the number of patients with non-healing skin wounds, imposing a huge social and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Severe skin injury is an important clinical challenge. There is a lack of skin donors, and skin defects and scarring after surgery can lead to impaired skin function and skin integrity. Researchers worldwide have made great efforts to create human skin organs but are limited by the lack of key biological structural features of the skin. Tissue engineering repairs damaged tissue by incorporating cells into biocompatible and biodegradable porous scaffolds. Skin tissue engineered scaffolds not only have appropriate physical and mechanical properties but also exhibit skin-like surface topography and microstructure, which can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. At present, skin tissue engineering scaffolds are being developed into clinical applications that can overcome the limitations of skin transplantation, promote the process of wound healing, and repair skin tissue damage. This provides an effective therapeutic option for the management of patients with skin lesions. This paper reviews the structure and function of skin tissue and the process of wound healing, and summarizes the materials and manufacturing methods used to fabricate skin tissue engineering scaffolds. Next, the design considerations of skin tissue engineering scaffolds are discussed. An extensive review of skin scaffolds and clinically approved scaffold materials is presented. Lastly, some important challenges in the construction of skin tissue engineering scaffolds are presented.
患有非愈合性皮肤伤口的患者数量普遍增加，这给患者和医疗系统带来了巨大的社会和经济负担。严重的皮肤损伤是一个重要的临床挑战。皮肤供体不足，手术后面部皮肤缺陷和疤痕会导致皮肤功能和完整性受损。世界各地的研究人员为创建人造皮肤器官做出了巨大努力，但受到皮肤缺乏关键生物结构特征的限制。组织工程通过将细胞纳入生物相容性和可生物降解的多孔支架来修复受损组织。皮肤组织工程支架不仅具有适当的物理和机械性能，而且还具有类似皮肤的表面形貌和微观结构，可促进细胞的黏附、增殖和分化。目前，皮肤组织工程支架正在开发成为临床应用，可以克服皮肤移植的局限性，促进伤口愈合过程，并修复皮肤组织损伤。这为皮肤病变患者的管理提供了有效的治疗选择。本文综述了皮肤组织的结构和功能以及伤口愈合的过程，总结了用于制造皮肤组织工程支架的材料和制造方法。接下来，讨论了皮肤组织工程支架的设计考虑因素。对皮肤支架和临床批准的支架材料进行了广泛的综述。最后，提出了构建皮肤组织工程支架的一些重要挑战。
