Häkkinen K, Komi P V
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1986;55(2):147-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00714997.
To investigate training-induced changes in neuromuscular performance under voluntary and reflex contractions, 11 male subjects went through heavy resistance (high loads of 70-120% of one maximum repetition) and 10 male subjects through explosive type (low loads with high contraction velocities) strength training three times a week for 24 weeks. A large increase (13.9%, p less than 0.01) in voluntary unilateral maximal knee extension strength with only slight and insignificant changes in time of isometric force production were observed during heavy resistance strength training. Explosive type strength training resulted in a small insignificant increase in maximal strength but in considerable shortening (p less than 0.05) in the time of force production. A significant increase (p less than 0.05) noted in the averaged maximal integrated electromyogram (IEMG) of the knee extensors during heavy resistance strength training correlated (p less than 0.01) with the increase in maximal strength. No changes were noted during training in reflex time components, but significant decreases (p less than 0.05) occurred in the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the reflex electromyograms (EMG) in both groups. The individual changes during training in the reflex EMG/force ratio were related (p less than 0.01) to the respective changes in IEMG/force ratio in voluntary contractions. The present observations support the concept of specificity of training, and suggest that specific training-induced adaptations in the neuromuscular system may be responsible for these changes in performance.
为了研究在自主收缩和反射收缩情况下训练引起的神经肌肉性能变化，11名男性受试者进行了大负荷阻力训练（负荷为一次最大重复量的70%-120%），10名男性受试者进行了爆发式训练（低负荷、高收缩速度），每周训练3次，共训练24周。在大负荷阻力训练期间，观察到自主单侧最大伸膝力量大幅增加（13.9%，p<0.01），而等长力量产生时间仅有轻微且不显著的变化。爆发式力量训练使最大力量有小幅不显著的增加，但力量产生时间显著缩短（p<0.05）。大负荷阻力训练期间，膝伸肌平均最大积分肌电图（IEMG）显著增加（p<0.05），且与最大力量的增加相关（p<0.01）。训练期间反射时间成分无变化，但两组反射肌电图（EMG）的峰峰值均显著降低（p<0.05）。训练期间反射EMG/力量比值的个体变化与自主收缩中IEMG/力量比值的相应变化相关（p<0.01）。本研究结果支持训练特异性的概念，并表明神经肌肉系统中特定的训练诱导适应性可能是这些性能变化的原因。
