Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Jun;44(3):340-348. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1766118. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant occupational risk factor to health care workers (HCWs). As in previous events, this occupational risk amplifies and compounds the adverse impact of the pandemic. We conducted a narrative review summarizing risk factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in HCWs. We searched for original observational studies (including case-control, cross-sectional, prospective and retrospective cohorts) using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 22 articles were reviewed, including eligible English articles published between April 2020 and May 2022. Job category, work environment, personal protective equipment (PPE) noncompliance, lack of PPE awareness and training, unvaccinated status, and competing community and household exposures were identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among HCWs. Effective measures to protect HCWs from SARS-CoV-2 need to account for the identified occupational risk factors. Identifying and understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs must be considered a public health priority for policy makers to mitigate occupational and community transmission in current and future epidemics.
2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 对医护人员 (HCWs) 构成重大职业风险因素。与以往事件一样，这种职业风险加剧和放大了大流行的不利影响。我们进行了一项叙述性综述，总结了与医护人员中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 传播相关的风险因素。我们使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 搜索了原始观察性研究（包括病例对照、横断面、前瞻性和回顾性队列研究）。共审查了 22 篇文章，包括 2020 年 4 月至 2022 年 5 月期间发表的合格英文文章。工作类别、工作环境、个人防护设备 (PPE) 不合规、缺乏 PPE 意识和培训、未接种疫苗状态以及社区和家庭暴露竞争被确定为医护人员中 SARS-CoV-2 传播的危险因素。有效措施需要考虑到确定的职业风险因素，以保护医护人员免受 SARS-CoV-2 感染。确定和了解医护人员中的 COVID-19 风险因素必须被决策者视为公共卫生优先事项，以减轻当前和未来流行中的职业和社区传播。
