Casarin Maísa, da Silveira Taciane Menezes, Bezerra Beatriz, Pirih Flavia Q, Pola Natália Marcumini
School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Front Oral Health. 2023 Mar 22;4:1152031. doi: 10.3389/froh.2023.1152031. eCollection 2023.
Periodontal diseases is a highly prevalent chronic condition regulated by the host immune response to pathogenic bacterial colonization on the teeth surfaces. Nutrition is a critical component in the modulation of the immune system, hence the importance of a balanced diet. With the understanding of how dietary intake composition affects various health outcomes, nutrient diversity has been reported as a modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. Eating disorders and different dietary patterns can be associated with periodontal diseases. In this sense, balanced and healthy nutrition plays a major role in maintaining the symbiosis between oral microbiota and periodontal health. Therefore, this review seeks to report the associations found in the literature between high- or low-fat/sodium/sugar, eating disorders and periodontal diseases. It was found that some dietary patterns such as high carbohydrate/sugar, high fat, and low fiber intake may be associated with periodontal disease. In addition, the presence of eating disorders can negatively impact patients' oral health and it is related to the development of several complications, including periodontal diseases. In both situations, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies can aggravate the periodontal condition. However, the relationship between periodontal disease, dietary patterns, and eating disorders still needs more scientific support to be well established, mainly in the sense of pointing out a protective relationship between both.
牙周疾病是一种高度普遍的慢性疾病，由宿主对牙齿表面致病性细菌定植的免疫反应所调控。营养是免疫系统调节中的关键组成部分，因此均衡饮食很重要。随着对饮食摄入成分如何影响各种健康结果的了解，营养多样性已被报道为牙周疾病的一个可改变的风险因素。饮食失调和不同的饮食模式可能与牙周疾病有关。从这个意义上说，均衡和健康的营养在维持口腔微生物群与牙周健康之间的共生关系中起着主要作用。因此，本综述旨在报告文献中发现的高脂肪/高钠/高糖、饮食失调与牙周疾病之间的关联。研究发现，一些饮食模式，如高碳水化合物/高糖、高脂肪和低纤维摄入，可能与牙周疾病有关。此外，饮食失调的存在会对患者的口腔健康产生负面影响，并且与包括牙周疾病在内的几种并发症的发生有关。在这两种情况下，营养和维生素缺乏都会加重牙周状况。然而，牙周疾病、饮食模式和饮食失调之间的关系仍需要更多科学支持才能得以充分确立，主要是在指出两者之间的保护关系方面。
