Hong Seung Min, Baek Dong Hoon
Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49421, Republic of Korea.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Mar 27;13(7):1262. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13071262.
Since the development of the fiberoptic colonoscope in the late 1960s, colonoscopy has been a useful tool to diagnose and treat various intestinal diseases. This article reviews the clinical use of colonoscopy for various intestinal diseases based on present and future perspectives. Intestinal diseases include infectious diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), neoplasms, functional bowel disorders, and others. In cases of infectious diseases, colonoscopy is helpful in making the differential diagnosis, revealing endoscopic gross findings, and obtaining the specimens for pathology. Additionally, colonoscopy provides clues for distinguishing between infectious disease and IBD, and aids in the post-treatment monitoring of IBD. Colonoscopy is essential for the diagnosis of neoplasms that are diagnosed through only pathological confirmation. At present, malignant tumors are commonly being treated using endoscopy because of the advancement of endoscopic resection procedures. Moreover, the characteristics of tumors can be described in more detail by image-enhanced endoscopy and magnifying endoscopy. Colonoscopy can be helpful for the endoscopic decompression of colonic volvulus in large bowel obstruction, balloon dilatation as a treatment for benign stricture, and colon stenting as a treatment for malignant obstruction. In the diagnosis of functional bowel disorder, colonoscopy is used to investigate other organic causes of the symptom.
自20世纪60年代末纤维结肠镜问世以来，结肠镜检查一直是诊断和治疗各种肠道疾病的有用工具。本文基于当前和未来的视角，综述了结肠镜检查在各种肠道疾病中的临床应用。肠道疾病包括传染病、炎症性肠病（IBD）、肿瘤、功能性肠病等。在传染病病例中，结肠镜检查有助于进行鉴别诊断、揭示内镜下大体表现并获取病理标本。此外，结肠镜检查为区分传染病和IBD提供线索，并有助于IBD的治疗后监测。结肠镜检查对于仅通过病理确诊的肿瘤诊断至关重要。目前，由于内镜切除技术的进步，恶性肿瘤通常采用内镜治疗。此外，图像增强内镜和放大内镜可以更详细地描述肿瘤特征。结肠镜检查有助于大肠梗阻时结肠扭转的内镜减压、良性狭窄的球囊扩张治疗以及恶性梗阻的结肠支架置入治疗。在功能性肠病的诊断中，结肠镜检查用于排查症状的其他器质性病因。
