Department of Sport Sciences, Kore University, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
Department of Education Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 3;20(7):5372. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075372.
Youth sport provides regular physical activity for millions of children. It is a global system, which includes coaches, referees, athletes, and parent spectators; consequently, the behavior of each member can influence the experiences of others. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and assertiveness in the relationship between the degree of anger expression and the performance children's score in a group of parents and coaches.
200 parents (96 fathers, 104 mothers) and 200 coaches (119 males, 81 females) responded to the General Self-efficacy Scale, The Scale for Interpersonal Behavior, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2; an indicator of performance was asked of each coach. The age range of parents was 28-59 years (M = 41.39, SD = 7.07), while that of coaches was 27-43 years (M = 35.91, SD = 3.35).
Results revealed that self-efficacy and assertiveness were the direct and indirect predictors of performance score.
The study provided an understanding of the nature and magnitude of this profoundly interpersonal experience. Future studies may advance relevant education programs and effective interventions aimed at reducing angry expressions and lack of communication.
青年运动为数百万儿童提供了定期的体育活动。它是一个全球性的系统，包括教练、裁判、运动员和家长观众；因此，每个成员的行为都可以影响他人的体验。本研究旨在调查自我效能感和果断性在愤怒表达程度与一组父母和教练的孩子成绩表现之间的关系中的中介作用。
200 名家长（96 名父亲，104 名母亲）和 200 名教练（119 名男性，81 名女性）回答了一般自我效能感量表、人际行为量表和状态-特质愤怒表达量表-2；每位教练都被要求提供一个表现指标。家长的年龄范围为 28-59 岁（M=41.39，SD=7.07），而教练的年龄范围为 27-43 岁（M=35.91，SD=3.35）。
结果表明，自我效能感和果断性是表现得分的直接和间接预测因素。
该研究提供了对这种深刻的人际体验的性质和程度的理解。未来的研究可以推进相关的教育计划和有效的干预措施，旨在减少愤怒表达和缺乏沟通。
