Rychter Anna Maria, Łykowska-Szuber Liliana, Zawada Agnieszka, Szymczak-Tomczak Aleksandra, Ratajczak Alicja Ewa, Skoracka Kinga, Kolan Michalina, Dobrowolska Agnieszka, Krela-Kaźmierczak Iwona
Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 23;12(7):2451. doi: 10.3390/jcm12072451.
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial problem of global importance. Additionally, obesity causes chronic inflammation, upregulates cell growth, disturbs the immune system, and causes genomic instability, increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and it has become a global problem. In 2018, there were around 1.8 million new cases and around 881,000 deaths worldwide. Another risk factor of colorectal cancer associated with obesity is poor diet. A Western diet, including a high intake of red and processed meat and a low consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fiber, may increase the risk of both colorectal cancer and obesity. Moreover, the Western diet is associated with a proinflammatory profile diet, which may also affect chronic low-grade inflammation. In fact, people with obesity often present gut dysbiosis, increased inflammation, and risk of colorectal cancer. In this article, the association between obesity and colorectal cancer is discussed, including the most important mechanisms, such as low-grade chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and poor diet.
肥胖是一个具有全球重要性的复杂多因素问题。此外，肥胖会引发慢性炎症，上调细胞生长，扰乱免疫系统，并导致基因组不稳定，增加致癌风险。结直肠癌是最常见的癌症之一，已成为一个全球性问题。2018年，全球约有180万新发病例和约88.1万例死亡病例。与肥胖相关的结直肠癌的另一个风险因素是不良饮食。西方饮食，包括大量摄入红肉和加工肉类以及全谷物、水果、蔬菜和纤维的低摄入量，可能会增加患结直肠癌和肥胖症的风险。此外，西方饮食与促炎型饮食有关，这也可能影响慢性低度炎症。事实上，肥胖者常存在肠道微生物群失调、炎症增加和患结直肠癌的风险。本文讨论了肥胖与结直肠癌之间的关联，包括最重要的机制，如低度慢性炎症、肠道微生物群失调和不良饮食。
