Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale "Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli", Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy.
Department of Breast Unit-Centro d Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS-CROB, Via Padre Pio 1, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 29;15(7):1667. doi: 10.3390/nu15071667.
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.
健康饮食和积极的生活方式都是预防、管理和治疗许多疾病（包括癌症）的有效方法。健康、均衡的饮食不仅确保身体获得适量的营养物质以满足其需求，还能让身体获得预防和/或预防某些疾病的物质。现在已经清楚，肥胖与心脏病、糖尿病和癌症等长期疾病有关。人们超重或肥胖的主要原因是饮食习惯不良且活动不足。保持正常体重可能是预防癌症的最佳方法之一。科学已经证明，与久坐不动的生活方式相比，经常进行体育锻炼的人患癌症的可能性较小。定期运动不仅有助于维持正常体重，避免超重人群中有利于肿瘤生长的影响，还通过抑制肿瘤细胞的生长使免疫系统更具抵抗力。身体活动还有助于预防心血管和代谢疾病。在这篇综述中，强调了地中海饮食和身体活动之间的关联会触发生物机制，这些机制能够对抗癌症患者中发现的低度慢性炎症。这意味着与癌症治疗相关的健康生活方式可以改善癌症患者的预期和生活质量。
