Wieser Herbert, Amato Massimo, Caggiano Mario, Ciacci Carolina
Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2023 Apr 10;12(8):2801. doi: 10.3390/jcm12082801.
This review summarizes recent investigations on dental manifestations in celiac disease. Particular attention is paid to delayed dental eruption and maturity, dental enamel defects, molar incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontitis. Most studies confirmed a higher frequency of delayed dental eruption and maturation in children and dental enamel defects in children and adults with celiac disease compared to healthy individuals. The malabsorption of various micronutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D, as well as immunity, is considered the main cause of these conditions. An early diagnosis of celiac disease and introducing a gluten-free diet might prevent the development of these conditions. Otherwise, the damage has already been established, and it is irreversible. Dentists can play an important role in identifying people who may have unrecognized celiac disease and may help prevent its progress and long-term complications. Investigations on dental caries, plaque, and periodontitis in celiac disease are rare and inconsistent; these complaints need further examination.
本综述总结了近期关于乳糜泻患者牙齿表现的研究。特别关注牙齿萌出延迟和成熟延迟、牙釉质缺陷、磨牙切牙矿化不全、龋齿、牙菌斑和牙周炎。大多数研究证实，与健康个体相比，乳糜泻儿童牙齿萌出和成熟延迟的频率更高，儿童和成人牙釉质缺陷的频率更高。各种微量营养素的吸收不良，尤其是钙和维生素D，以及免疫功能，被认为是这些情况的主要原因。早期诊断乳糜泻并采用无麸质饮食可能会预防这些情况的发生。否则，损害已经形成，且不可逆转。牙医在识别可能未被诊断出患有乳糜泻的人方面可以发挥重要作用，并可能有助于预防其进展和长期并发症。关于乳糜泻患者龋齿、牙菌斑和牙周炎的研究很少且不一致；这些问题需要进一步研究。
