Tchatchouang Serges, Kenmoe Sebastien, Nzouankeu Ariane, Njankouo-Ripa Mohamadou, Penlap Veronique, Donkeng Valerie, Pefura-Yone Eric-Walter, Fonkoua Marie-Christine, Eyangoh Sara, Njouom Richard
Department of Virology Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Member of the Pasteur Network Yaounde Cameroon.
Department of Bacteriology Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Member of Pasteur Network Yaounde Cameroon.
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 26;6(5):e1234. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1234. eCollection 2023 May.
Respiratory viruses are responsible for the majority of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) worldwide. However, there is a gap on the epidemiology of viral LRTIs in adults in sub-Saharan African countries. In Cameroon, like in other countries, the role of viral respiratory pathogens in the etiology of LRTIs in adults is helpful for clinical management. This study aimed to determine the viral aetiologies of LRTIs among hospitalized adults in a reference center for respiratory diseases in the town of Yaounde in Cameroon and its surroundings.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to January 2018 at Jamot Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). Clinical and demographic information; BAL and sputa were collected from hospitalized patients meeting LRTI case definitions. The clinical samples were investigated for respiratory pathogens with a commercial Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) targeting 21 viruses, cultures for bacterial and fungal infections.
The 77 included adult patients with LRTIs had an appropriate clinical sample for microbial investigations. A viral agent was detected in 22.1% (17/77) samples. The main viruses detected included rhinovirus (10/77), coronavirus (hCoV-OC43 and hCoV-229E), and influenza A virus (3/77 each). A concomitant viral and bacterial co-infection occurred in 7.8% of patients (6/77) while viral co-infection occurred in one patient (1.3%). No Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) was detected in clinical samples. Most patients were under antimicrobials before getting diagnosed.
Respiratory viruses account for 22.1% of LRTIs in hospitalized patients in this study. Despite prior antimicrobial therapy and delay, rhinovirus, coronavirus and influenza A virus were the most detected in patients in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era in a single center experience from Cameroon.
呼吸道病毒是全球大多数下呼吸道感染（LRTIs）的病因。然而，撒哈拉以南非洲国家成人病毒性下呼吸道感染的流行病学情况尚存在空白。在喀麦隆，与其他国家一样，病毒呼吸道病原体在成人下呼吸道感染病因中的作用有助于临床管理。本研究旨在确定喀麦隆雅温得市及其周边地区一家呼吸道疾病参考中心住院成人下呼吸道感染的病毒病因。
2017年1月至2018年1月在喀麦隆雅温得的贾莫特医院进行了一项横断面研究。收集符合下呼吸道感染病例定义的住院患者的临床和人口统计学信息；支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）样本和痰液样本。使用针对21种病毒的商业逆转录实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对临床样本进行呼吸道病原体检测，对细菌和真菌感染进行培养。
纳入的77例下呼吸道感染成年患者有适合进行微生物检测的临床样本。在22.1%（17/77）的样本中检测到病毒病原体。检测到的主要病毒包括鼻病毒（10/77）、冠状病毒（人冠状病毒OC43和人冠状病毒229E）以及甲型流感病毒（各3/77）。7.8%的患者（6/77）发生了病毒与细菌合并感染，1例患者（1.3%）发生了病毒合并感染。临床样本中未检测到严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。大多数患者在确诊前接受了抗菌药物治疗。
本研究中，呼吸道病毒占住院患者下呼吸道感染的22.1%。在喀麦隆一个单一中心的经验中，在新冠疫情前时代，尽管有抗菌药物治疗及诊断延迟，但鼻病毒、冠状病毒和甲型流感病毒在患者中检出率最高。
