Chen Ye, Lai Zhuangchai, Zhang Xiao, Fan Zhanxi, He Qiyuan, Tan Chaoliang, Zhang Hua
Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Nat Rev Chem. 2020 May;4(5):243-256. doi: 10.1038/s41570-020-0173-4. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Phase has emerged as an important structural parameter - in addition to composition, morphology, architecture, facet, size and dimensionality - that determines the properties and functionalities of nanomaterials. In particular, unconventional phases in nanomaterials that are unattainable in the bulk state can potentially endow nanomaterials with intriguing properties and innovative applications. Great progress has been made in the phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), including synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and phase transformation of nanomaterials. This Review provides an overview on the recent progress in PEN. We discuss various strategies used to synthesize nanomaterials with unconventional phases and induce phase transformation of nanomaterials, by taking noble metals and layered transition metal dichalcogenides as typical examples. Moreover, we also highlight recent advances in the preparation of amorphous nanomaterials, amorphous-crystalline and crystal phase-based hetero-nanostructures. We also provide personal perspectives on challenges and opportunities in this emerging field, including exploration of phase-dependent properties and applications, rational design of phase-based heterostructures and extension of the concept of phase engineering to a wider range of materials.
除了组成、形态、结构、晶面、尺寸和维度之外，相已成为决定纳米材料性质和功能的一个重要结构参数。特别是，纳米材料中那些在体相状态下无法实现的非常规相，有可能赋予纳米材料引人入胜的性质和创新应用。纳米材料的相工程（PEN）已取得了重大进展，包括非常规相纳米材料的合成以及纳米材料的相转变。本综述概述了PEN的最新进展。我们以贵金属和层状过渡金属二硫属化物为典型例子，讨论了用于合成非常规相纳米材料和诱导纳米材料相转变的各种策略。此外，我们还强调了非晶态纳米材料、非晶-晶态和基于晶相的异质纳米结构制备方面的最新进展。我们还就这一新兴领域中的挑战和机遇提供了个人观点，包括探索相依赖性质和应用、基于相的异质结构的合理设计以及将相工程概念扩展到更广泛的材料范围。
