Takeda Takashi, Yoshimi Kana, Kai Sayaka, Inoue Fumi
Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
Int J Womens Health. 2023 Apr 26;15:655-664. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S400818. eCollection 2023.
Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood where people are vulnerable to stress. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause sustained stress in the population. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation and loneliness have increased. Loneliness is associated with increased stress, psychological distress, and a higher risk of mental illnesses, such as depression. This study examined the association between loneliness, premenstrual symptoms, and other factors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescent females in Japan.
A school-based cross-sectional survey of 1450 adolescent female students in Japan was conducted in mid-December of 2021. Specifically, paper-based questionnaires were distributed in class, and the responses were collected. The Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ), 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 3-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA), and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used as measurement tools. The prevalence of loneliness was defined as a total R-UCLA score ≥ 6.
The prevalence of loneliness was 29.0%. The prevalence of serious psychological distress was also high (8.2%), especially in the lonely group (16.0%). Multivariable regression analysis identified the following factors associated with loneliness: second year (odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.14), longer internet use (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20), total PSQ score (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06-1.11), and psychological distress (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.08).
Adolescent females in Japan showed a high prevalence of loneliness. School year (2nd year), longer periods of internet use, premenstrual symptom severity, and psychological distress were independently associated with loneliness. For clinicians and school health professionals, special concern should be given to the psychological health of adolescent females during the COVID-19 pandemic.
青春期是从童年到成年的过渡时期，在此期间人们容易受到压力影响。新冠疫情持续给民众带来持续的压力。自新冠疫情以来，社会隔离和孤独感有所增加。孤独与压力增加、心理困扰以及患精神疾病（如抑郁症）的更高风险相关。本研究调查了日本青春期女性在新冠疫情时代孤独感、经前症状及其他因素之间的关联。
2021年12月中旬，对日本1450名青春期女学生开展了一项基于学校的横断面调查。具体而言，在课堂上发放纸质问卷并收集答案。使用经前症状问卷（PSQ）、6项凯斯勒心理困扰量表、3项修订版加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表（R-UCLA）以及新冠恐惧量表作为测量工具。孤独感的患病率定义为R-UCLA总分≥6分。
孤独感的患病率为29.0%。严重心理困扰的患病率也很高（8.2%），尤其是在孤独组（16.0%）。多变量回归分析确定了与孤独感相关的以下因素：二年级（比值比[OR]1.53；95%置信区间[CI]1.09-2.14）、上网时间更长（OR，1.11；95%CI，1.02-1.20）、PSQ总分（OR 1.08；95%CI 1.06-1.11）以及心理困扰（OR 1.05；95%CI 1.01-1.08）。
日本青春期女性孤独感患病率较高。学年（二年级）、上网时间更长、经前症状严重程度以及心理困扰与孤独感独立相关。对于临床医生和学校卫生专业人员而言，在新冠疫情期间应特别关注青春期女性的心理健康。
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