Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2021 May;129(5):57004. doi: 10.1289/EHP7327. Epub 2021 May 12.
During food animal production, animals are exposed to, colonized by, and sometimes infected with bacteria that may contaminate animal products with susceptible and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). The United States' Organic Foods Production Act resulted in decreased antibiotic use in some animal production operations. Some studies have reported that decreased antibiotic use is associated with reduced MDRO on meat.
The aim of this study was to investigate associations of meat production and processing methods with MDRO and overall bacterial contamination of retail meats.
Bacterial contamination data from 2012 to 2017 for chicken breast, ground beef, ground turkey, and pork chops were downloaded from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate associations with MDRO contamination and any contamination (adjusted for year and meat type) overall, and according to bacteria genus (, , , ) and meat type.
A total of 39,349 retail meat samples were linked to 216 conventional, 123 split (conventional and organic), and three organic processing facilities. MDRO contamination was similar in conventionally produced meats processed at split vs. conventional facilities but was significantly lower in organically produced meats processed at split facilities ; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.63]. Meat processed by split vs. conventional processors had higher or similar MDRO contamination for all tested bacterial genera except (; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.64). The prevalence of any contamination was lower in samples processed at split vs. conventional facilities for aggregated samples (; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.73) and all meat types and bacterial genera.
Organically produced and processed retail meat samples had a significantly lower prevalence of MDRO than conventionally produced and processed samples had, whereas meat from split processors had a lower prevalence of any contamination than samples from conventional processors had. Additional studies are needed to confirm findings and clarify specific production and processing practices that might explain them. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7327.
在食用动物生产过程中，动物会接触、定植并有时感染可能使动物产品受到易感性和多药耐药菌（MDRO）污染的细菌。美国的《有机食品生产法案》导致一些动物生产作业中抗生素使用减少。一些研究报告称，抗生素使用减少与肉中的 MDRO 减少有关。
本研究旨在调查肉类生产和加工方法与 MDRO 以及零售肉类整体细菌污染的关联。
从国家抗生素耐药性监测系统下载了 2012 年至 2017 年鸡胸肉、碎牛肉、碎火鸡肉和猪排的细菌污染数据。使用具有稳健方差的泊松回归模型，根据 MDRO 污染和任何污染（调整年份和肉类类型）、根据细菌属（、、、）和肉类类型，估计与 MDRO 污染的关联。
共有 39349 份零售肉样本与 216 家常规、123 家分割（常规和有机）和 3 家有机加工设施相关联。在常规和分割设施加工的常规生产肉类中，MDRO 污染相似，但在分割设施加工的有机生产肉类中，MDRO 污染显著较低；95%CI：0.30，0.63]。对于所有测试的细菌属，与常规处理器相比，分割处理器加工的肉类的 MDRO 污染更高或相似（除了；95%CI：0.13，0.64）。与常规设施相比，分割设施处理的样本中所有汇总样本（；95%CI：0.68，0.73）和所有肉类类型和细菌属的任何污染的流行率都较低。
与常规生产和加工的样本相比，有机生产和加工的零售肉样本的 MDRO 流行率显著较低，而分割处理器的肉样的任何污染流行率低于常规处理器的样本。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，并阐明可能解释这些发现的具体生产和加工实践。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7327.
