Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, China.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Aug;29(8):2074-2085. doi: 10.1111/cns.14239. Epub 2023 May 11.
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors in the central nervous system. However, conventional treatments, such as surgical resection and postoperative combined chemo- and radio-therapy, are ineffective in improving patients' long-term survival. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of stromal cells, tumor components, and innate and acquired immune cells, and these cells, along with the extracellular matrix, regulate and communicate intercellularly to promote TME formation. The immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the development of glioma. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs), facilitate intercellular communication and regulation within the TME. Tumor cells can release exosomes to transmit messages, induce macrophage polarization, and inhibit immune cell activity, ultimately promoting metastasis and immune evasion. Moreover, immune cells can regulate tumorigenesis and progression through exosomes. This review summarized the biological properties of exosomes and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and provides an overview of the interactions between glioma cells and immune cells.
神经胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤。然而，手术切除和术后联合化疗和放疗等传统治疗方法并不能有效提高患者的长期生存率。肿瘤微环境（TME）由基质细胞、肿瘤成分以及固有和获得性免疫细胞组成，这些细胞与细胞外基质一起调节和相互交流，促进 TME 的形成。免疫微环境在神经胶质瘤的发生发展中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体是细胞外囊泡（EVs），可以促进 TME 内的细胞间通讯和调节。肿瘤细胞可以通过释放外泌体来传递信息，诱导巨噬细胞极化，抑制免疫细胞活性，最终促进转移和免疫逃逸。此外，免疫细胞可以通过外泌体调节肿瘤的发生和发展。本综述总结了外泌体的生物学特性及其对肿瘤微环境的影响，并概述了神经胶质瘤细胞与免疫细胞之间的相互作用。
