Ferraris Cinzia, Guglielmetti Monica, Neri Lenycia de Cassya Lopes, Allehdan Sabika, Mohsin Albasara Jamila Mohammed, Fareed Alawadhi Hajar Hussain, Trentani Claudia, Perna Simone, Tagliabue Anna
Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Laboratory of Food Education and Sport Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Foods. 2023 Apr 22;12(9):1743. doi: 10.3390/foods12091743.
Based on the growing evidence of the therapeutic role of high-fat ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) for neurological diseases and on the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD), it could be important to delineate a Mediterranean version of KDTs in order to maintain a high ketogenic ratio, and thus avoid side effects, especially in patients requiring long-term treatment. This narrative review aims to explore the existing literature on this topic and to elaborate recommendations for a Mediterranean version of the KDTs. It presents practical suggestions based on MD principles, which consist of key elements for the selection of foods (both from quantitative and qualitative prospective), and indications of the relative proportions and consumption frequency of the main food groups that constitute the Mediterranean version of the KDTs. We suggest the adoption of a Mediterranean version of ketogenic diets in order to benefit from the multiple protective effects of the MD. This translates to: (i) a preferential use of olive oil and vegetable fat sources in general; (ii) the limitation of foods rich in saturated fatty acids; (iii) the encouragement of high biological value protein sources; (iv) inserting fruit and vegetables at every meal possible, varying their choices according to seasonality.
基于高脂肪生酮饮食疗法（KDTs）对神经系统疾病治疗作用的证据不断增加，以及地中海饮食（MD）的保护作用，明确一种地中海版本的KDTs以维持高生酮比例从而避免副作用可能很重要，尤其是对需要长期治疗的患者。本叙述性综述旨在探讨关于该主题的现有文献，并阐述对地中海版本KDTs的建议。它基于地中海饮食原则提出了实用建议，包括食物选择的关键要素（从定量和定性角度），以及构成地中海版本KDTs的主要食物组的相对比例和食用频率的指示。我们建议采用地中海版本的生酮饮食，以便从地中海饮食的多种保护作用中获益。这意味着：（i）总体上优先使用橄榄油和植物脂肪来源；（ii）限制富含饱和脂肪酸的食物；（iii）鼓励高生物价值的蛋白质来源；（iv）尽可能每餐都加入水果和蔬菜，并根据季节变化选择不同种类。
