Barker W H
Am J Public Health. 1986 Jul;76(7):761-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.76.7.761.
In this study, excess rates of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) associated hospitalization during influenza A epidemics which occurred in the United States between 1970-78 were computed utilizing unpublished data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS). Excesses occurred at rates of 35, 93, and 370 per 100,000 persons per epidemic for age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65+ years. There was no evidence of a persisting excess or a compensatory decline in P&I hospitalization during post-epidemic months. An average excess of about 172,000 hospitalizations per epidemic at a cost in excess of $300 million was computed. The study quantifies a major impact of epidemic influenza upon health and health services, much of which may be preventable, and illustrates an important use of unpublished data contained in the NHDS.
在本研究中，利用美国国家医院出院调查（NHDS）的未发表数据，计算了1970 - 1978年间美国甲型流感流行期间与肺炎和流感（P&I）相关的住院超额率。15 - 44岁、45 - 64岁和65岁及以上年龄组每次流行的住院超额率分别为每10万人35例、93例和370例。没有证据表明流行后几个月P&I住院存在持续超额或补偿性下降。计算得出每次流行平均约有17.2万例住院超额，费用超过3亿美元。该研究量化了流行性感冒对健康和卫生服务的重大影响，其中大部分影响可能是可预防的，并说明了NHDS中未发表数据的重要用途。
