Filippone Alessio, Rossi Cristina, Rossi Maria Maddalena, Di Micco Annalisa, Maggiore Claudia, Forcina Luana, Natale Maria, Costantini Lara, Merendino Nicolò, Di Leone Alba, Franceschini Gianluca, Masetti Riccardo, Magno Stefano
Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Breast Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2023 Apr 27;12(9):3158. doi: 10.3390/jcm12093158.
The microbiota is now recognized as one of the major players in human health and diseases, including cancer. Regarding breast cancer (BC), a clear link between microbiota and oncogenesis still needs to be confirmed. Yet, part of the bacterial gene mass inside the gut, constituting the so called "estrobolome", influences sexual hormonal balance and, since the increased exposure to estrogens is associated with an increased risk, may impact on the onset, progression, and treatment of hormonal dependent cancers (which account for more than 70% of all BCs). The hormonal dependent BCs are also affected by environmental and dietary endocrine disruptors and phytoestrogens which interact with microbiota in a bidirectional way: on the one side disruptors can alter the composition and functions of the estrobolome, ad on the other the gut microbiota influences the metabolism of endocrine active food components. This review highlights the current evidence about the complex interplay between endocrine disruptors, phytoestrogens, microbiome, and BC, within the frames of a new "oncobiotic" perspective.
微生物群现在被认为是人类健康和疾病（包括癌症）的主要参与者之一。关于乳腺癌（BC），微生物群与肿瘤发生之间的明确联系仍有待证实。然而，肠道内构成所谓“雌激素代谢组”的部分细菌基因群会影响性激素平衡，而且由于雌激素暴露增加与风险增加相关，可能会影响激素依赖性癌症（占所有乳腺癌的70%以上）的发病、进展和治疗。激素依赖性乳腺癌也受到环境和饮食中的内分泌干扰物以及植物雌激素的影响，它们与微生物群以双向方式相互作用：一方面，干扰物可以改变雌激素代谢组的组成和功能，另一方面，肠道微生物群会影响内分泌活性食物成分的代谢。本综述在新的“肿瘤微生物”视角框架内，强调了关于内分泌干扰物、植物雌激素、微生物群和乳腺癌之间复杂相互作用的当前证据。
