Hale Joanna, Jofeh Christopher, Chadwick Paul
Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK.
Welsh Government's Independent Advisory Group on Residential Decarbonisation.
UCL Open Environ. 2022 Nov 9;4:e047. doi: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000047. eCollection 2022.
To reduce carbon emissions, urgent change is needed to high-carbon human behaviours including home energy use. Previous policy failures point to insufficient integration of systemic and behavioural approaches which are too often seen as alternative and incompatible approaches to bring about change. A novel behavioural systems mapping approach was used to inform national policy recommendations for energy-saving retrofit of homes in Wales. Three participatory workshops were held with the independent Welsh residential decarbonisation advisory group ('the Advisory Group') to: (1) map relationships between actors, behaviours and influences on behaviour within the home retrofit system; (2) provide training in the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework and (3) use these to develop policy recommendations for interventions. Recommendations were analysed using the capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B) model of behaviour to assess whether they addressed these factors. Two behavioural systems maps (BSMs) were produced, representing privately rented and owner-occupied housing tenures. The main causal pathways and feedback loops in each map are described. Necessary interventions to achieve national-scale retrofit included: government-led investment, campaigns and awareness-building, financial-sector funding mechanisms, enforcement of regulations and creating more streamlined and trusted supply chain services. Of 27 final policy recommendations, six addressed capability, 24 opportunity and 12 motivation. Participatory behavioural systems mapping can be used in conjunction with behaviour change frameworks to develop policy recommendations that address the behavioural determinants of complex environmental problems in a systemic way. Research is underway to refine and extend the approach through application to other sustainability challenges and methods of constructing systems maps.
为减少碳排放，迫切需要改变包括家庭能源使用在内的高碳人类行为。以往的政策失败表明，系统性方法和行为方法的整合不足，这两种方法常常被视为实现变革的替代且不相容的方法。一种新颖的行为系统映射方法被用于为威尔士家庭节能改造的国家政策建议提供信息。与独立的威尔士住宅脱碳咨询小组（“咨询小组”）举办了三次参与式研讨会，目的是：（1）绘制家庭改造系统中行为主体、行为以及行为影响之间的关系；（2）提供行为改变轮（BCW）框架培训；（3）利用这些来制定干预措施的政策建议。使用行为的能力、机会和动机（COM-B）模型对建议进行分析，以评估它们是否解决了这些因素。绘制了两张行为系统图（BSM），分别代表私人出租住房和自有住房的产权形式。描述了每张图中的主要因果路径和反馈回路。实现全国范围改造所需的干预措施包括：政府主导的投资、宣传活动和提高认识、金融部门的融资机制、法规执行以及创建更简化和可靠的供应链服务。在27项最终政策建议中，6项涉及能力，24项涉及机会，12项涉及动机。参与式行为系统映射可与行为改变框架结合使用，以制定政策建议，从系统角度解决复杂环境问题的行为决定因素。目前正在进行研究，通过将该方法应用于其他可持续发展挑战以及构建系统图的方法来完善和扩展该方法。
