Petruzela Jan, Papla Monika, Stastny Petr
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2023 Apr 20;87:189-200. doi: 10.5114/jhk/162017. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Ball throwing velocity is essential for scoring goals in handball; the crucial question is how to develop throwing velocity in highly trained handball players. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarize effective conditioning strategies to improve throwing velocity in elite male players and to perform a meta-analysis on which training system can provide the highest increase in throwing velocity. The literature was analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Thirteen studies (sample n = 174) were included: five resistance training studies, one core training study, one study on repeated shuffle sprint training with small-sided games, and one on eccentric overload training. Effect size comparison showed that resistance training is the most effective strategy for improving throwing velocity in elite handball players (d > 0.7). Core training showed a small effect (d = 0.35). Small-sided game (SSG) training showed different results, from a significant positive effect (d = 1.95) to a negative effect (d = -2.03), and eccentric overload training showed a negative effect (d = -0.15). Resistance training is the most effective strategy for improving throwing velocity in elite handball players, while core training and SSGs can improve throwing velocity in youth athletes. Due to the small number of studies focusing on elite handball players, there is a need for more studies on advanced resistance training methods, e.g., contrast, complex, ballistic training, because much greater demands are placed on handball performance assumptions.
投球速度对于手球比赛中的得分至关重要；关键问题在于如何提高高水平手球运动员的投球速度。因此，本系统综述旨在总结有效的训练策略，以提高精英男性运动员的投球速度，并对哪种训练系统能使投球速度提升幅度最大进行荟萃分析。使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science中的系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）对文献进行分析。纳入了13项研究（样本量n = 174）：5项阻力训练研究、1项核心训练研究、1项关于小场地比赛的重复折返短跑训练研究以及1项离心超负荷训练研究。效应量比较表明，阻力训练是提高精英手球运动员投球速度最有效的策略（d > 0.7）。核心训练显示出较小的效果（d = 0.35）。小场地比赛（SSG）训练结果各异，从显著的积极效果（d = 1.95）到消极效果（d = -2.03），而离心超负荷训练显示出消极效果（d = -0.15）。阻力训练是提高精英手球运动员投球速度最有效的策略，而核心训练和小场地比赛可以提高青少年运动员的投球速度。由于关注精英手球运动员的研究数量较少，需要更多关于先进阻力训练方法的研究，例如对比训练、复合训练、弹道训练，因为手球运动表现假设的要求要高得多。
