Malcangi Giuseppina, Patano Assunta, Guglielmo Mariafrancesca, Sardano Roberta, Palmieri Giulia, Di Pede Chiara, de Ruvo Elisabetta, Inchingolo Alessio Danilo, Mancini Antonio, Inchingolo Francesco, Bordea Ioana Roxana, Dipalma Gianna, Inchingolo Angelo Michele
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
J Pers Med. 2023 Apr 25;13(5):725. doi: 10.3390/jpm13050725.
Precision medicine (PM) is personalized medicine that can develop targeted medical therapies for the individual patient, in which "omics" sciences lead to an integration of data that leads to highly predictive models of the functioning of the individual biological system. They enable rapid diagnosis, assessment of disease dynamics, identification of targeted treatment protocols, and reduction of costs and psychological stress. "Precision dentistry" (DP) is one promising application that need further investigation; the purpose of this paper is therefore to give physicians an overview of the knowledge they need to enhance treatment planning and patient response to therapy. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by analyzing the articles examining the role of precision medicine in dentistry. PM aims to shed light on cancer prevention strategies, by identifying risk factors, and on malformations such as orofacial cleft. Another application is pain management by repurposing drugs created for other diseases to target biochemical mechanisms. The significant heritability of traits regulating bacterial colonization and local inflammatory responses is another result of genomic research, and is useful for DP in the field of caries and periodontitis. This approach may also be useful in the field of orthodontics and regenerative dentistry. The possibility of creating an international network of databases will lead to the diagnosis, prediction, and prevention of disease outbreaks, providing significant economic savings for the world's health care systems.
精准医学（PM）是一种个性化医疗，能够为个体患者开发针对性的医学疗法，其中“组学”科学促使数据整合，进而形成个体生物系统功能的高度预测模型。它们有助于快速诊断、评估疾病动态、确定靶向治疗方案，并降低成本和减轻心理压力。“精准牙科”（DP）是一个有待进一步研究的有前景的应用领域；因此，本文旨在向医生概述他们在改进治疗计划和提高患者对治疗的反应方面所需的知识。通过分析研究精准医学在牙科中作用的文章，对PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行了系统的文献综述。精准医学旨在通过识别风险因素来阐明癌症预防策略，以及针对诸如口腔颌面裂等畸形。另一个应用是通过重新利用为其他疾病研发的药物来靶向生化机制以进行疼痛管理。调节细菌定植和局部炎症反应的性状具有显著遗传性，这是基因组研究的另一个成果，对龋齿和牙周炎领域的精准牙科很有用。这种方法在正畸学和再生牙科领域可能也有用。创建国际数据库网络的可能性将有助于疾病爆发的诊断、预测和预防，为全球医疗保健系统节省大量资金。
