Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 May 12;13:1178399. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178399. eCollection 2023.
Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, with cognitive impairment being an essential complication. Gut microbiota differs markedly between individuals with and without obesity. The microbial-gut-brain axis is an important pathway through which metabolic factors, such as obesity, affect the brain. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms associated with obesity and neurobehavioral disorders. In this review, we evaluated previously published studies on the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in reducing cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety associated with obesity or a high-fat diet. Most of the probiotics studied have beneficial health effects on obesity-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. They positively affect immune regulation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hippocampal function, intestinal mucosa protection, and glucolipid metabolism regulation. Probiotics can influence changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the ratio between various flora. However, probiotics should be used with caution, particularly in healthy individuals. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis, obesity, and cognitive function while overcoming the significant variation in study design and high risk of bias in the current evidence.
肥胖是一种复杂的代谢性疾病，认知障碍是其重要的并发症之一。肥胖症患者和非肥胖症患者的肠道微生物群有明显的差异。微生物-肠道-大脑轴是代谢因素（如肥胖）影响大脑的重要途径。益生菌已被证明可缓解与肥胖和神经行为障碍相关的症状。在这篇综述中，我们评估了先前发表的关于益生菌干预减轻与肥胖或高脂肪饮食相关的认知障碍、抑郁和焦虑的有效性的研究。研究的大多数益生菌对肥胖引起的认知障碍和焦虑有有益的健康影响。它们对免疫调节、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、海马功能、肠道黏膜保护和糖脂代谢调节有积极影响。益生菌可以影响肠道微生物群的组成和各种菌群之间的比例发生变化。然而，益生菌的使用应谨慎，特别是在健康个体中。未来的研究应进一步探索肠道-大脑轴、肥胖和认知功能的潜在机制，同时克服当前证据中研究设计的显著差异和高偏倚风险。
